UPSC Anthropology Previous Year Question Papers holds significant importance within the UPSC examination. Analyzing UPSC Anthropology Previous Year Question Papers is important as it offers insights into Exam Pattern, Question trends. It helps candidates understand the weightage of topics, refine their preparation strategy, and identify areas of focus.
With Anthropology Optional consisting of two papers worth 500 marks out of a total of 2025 marks, these previous year papers become crucial for achieving success in the UPSC main exams. By comprehending the Anthropology Optional Syllabus and actively working through these PYQ papers, aspirants can gain valuable insights into time management and identifying the specific topics to concentrate on.
In this article, you will find UPSC Anthropology Previous Year Question Papers along with a detailed topic-wise analysis.
Anthropology PYQ Paper 1 Topic-Wise Marks Distribution
| Topics | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
1.1 Meaning, Scope and development of Anthropology.
(a) Social-cultural Anthropology. (b) Biological Anthropology. (c) Archaeological Anthropology. (d) Linguistic Anthropology. |
20 |
25 |
10 |
10 |
20 |
25 |
0 |
20 |
30 |
20 |
10 |
0 |
|
1.4 Human Evolution and emergence of Man : (a) Biological and Cultural factors in human evolution. (b) Theories of Organic Evolution (Pre-Darwinian, Darwinian and Post-Darwinian). (c) Synthetic theory of evolution; Brief outline of terms and concepts of evolutionary biology (Doll’s rule, Cope’s rule, Gause’s rule, parallelism, convergence, adaptive radiation, and mosaic evolution). |
20 |
0 |
30 |
15 |
0 |
20 |
10 |
15 |
0 |
0 |
20 |
15 |
|
1.5 Characteristics of Primates; Evolutionary Trend and Primate Taxonomy; Primate Adaptations; (Arboreal and Terrestrial) Primate Taxonomy; Primate Behaviour; Tertiary and Quaternary fossil primates; Living Major Primates; Comparative Anatomy of Man and Apes; |
10 |
15 |
0 |
15 |
15 |
0 |
20 |
25 |
10 |
15 |
0 |
0 |
|
1.6 Phylogenetic status, characteristics and geographical distribution of the following : (a) Plio-preleistocene hominids in South and East Africa—Australopithecines. (b) Homo erectus : Africa (Paranthropus), Europe (Homo erectus (heidelbergensis), Asia (Homo erectus javanicus, Homo erectus pekinensis. (c) Neanderthal man—La-chapelle-aux-saints (Classical (d) Rhodesian man. (e) Homo sapiens Cromagnon, Grimaldi and Chancelede. |
0 |
10 |
20 |
10 |
0 |
15 |
15 |
20 |
20 |
15 |
20 |
20 |
|
1.7 The biological basis of Life : The Cell, DNA structure and replication, Protein Synthesis, Gene, Mutation, Chromosomes, and Cell Division. |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
10 |
0 |
|
1.8 (a) Principles of Prehistoric Archaeology. Chronology : Relative and Absolute Dating (b) Cultural Evolution—Broad Outlines of Prehistoric cultures: (i) Paleolithic (ii) Mesolithic (iii) Neolithic (iv) Chalcolithic (v) Copper-Bronze Age (vi) Iron Age |
30 |
30 |
10 |
25 |
25 |
55 |
70 |
40 |
40 |
40 |
50 |
50 |
|
2.1 The Nature of Culture : The concept and Characteristics of culture and civilization; |
20 |
15 |
0 |
10 |
0 |
0 |
10 |
10 |
0 |
10 |
10 |
10 |
|
2.2 The Nature of Society : Concept of Society; Society and Culture; Social Institution; Social groups; and Social stratification. |
0 |
15 |
10 |
0 |
15 |
0 |
20 |
15 |
20 |
15 |
15 |
20 |
|
2.3 Marriage : Definition and universality; Laws of marriage (endogamy, exogamy, hypergamy, hypogamy, incest taboo); Type of marriage (monogamy, polygamy, polyandry, group marriage). Functions of marriage; Marriage regulations (preferential, prescriptive and Marriage payments (bride wealth and dowry). |
30 |
15 |
10 |
0 |
15 |
10 |
0 |
20 |
0 |
0 |
20 |
0 |
|
2.4 Family : Definition and universality; Family, household and domestic groups; Functions of family; Types of family (from the perspectives of structure, blood relation, marriage, residence and succession); Impact of urbanization, industrialization and feminist movements on family. |
20 |
0 |
15 |
20 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
15 |
15 |
10 |
0 |
15 |
|
2.5 Kinship : Consanguinity and Affinity; Principles and types of descent (Unilineal, Double, |
10 |
10 |
0 |
30 |
25 |
10 |
15 |
0 |
25 |
20 |
15 |
10 |
|
3. Economic Organization: Meaning, scope and relevance of economic anthropology;
Principles governing production, distribution and exchange (reciprocity, redistribution and market), in communities, subsisting on hunting and gathering, fishing, swiddening, pastoralism, horticulture, and agriculture; globalization and indigenous economic systems. |
30 |
0 |
30 |
20 |
15 |
15 |
10 |
0 |
10 |
10 |
15 |
10 |
|
4. Political Organization and Social Control : Band, tribe, chiefdom, kingdom and state; Concepts of power, authority and legitimacy; social control, law and justice in simple Societies. |
0 |
30 |
0 |
15 |
15 |
15 |
0 |
15 |
20 |
20 |
0 |
10 |
|
5. Religion : Anthropological approaches to the study of religion (evolutionary, psychological and functional); monotheism and polytheism; sacred and profane; myths and rituals; forms of religion in tribal and peasant Societies (animism, animatism, fetishism, naturism and |
30 |
0 |
15 |
25 |
20 |
10 |
15 |
0 |
10 |
10 |
15 |
15 |
|
6.1 Classical evolutionism (Tylor, Morgan and Frazer) |
0 |
0 |
35 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
6.2 Historical particularism (Boas), Diffusionism (British, German and American) |
0 |
0 |
25 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
10 |
10 |
0 |
20 |
|
6.3 Functionalism (Malinowski); Structural—Functionlism (Radcliffe-Brown) |
20 |
20 |
0 |
10 |
10 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
6.4 Structuralism (Levi-Strauss and E. Leach) |
0 |
0 |
0 |
15 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
6.5 Culture and personality (Benedict, Mead, Linton, Kardiner and Cora-du Bois) |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
20 |
15 |
0 |
20 |
0 |
0 |
35 |
20 |
|
6.6 Neo—evolutionism (Childe, White, Steward, Sahlins and Service) |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
15 |
0 |
0 |
|
6.7 Cultural materialism (Harris) |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
15 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
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6.8 Symbolic and interpretive theories (Turner, Schneider and Geertz) |
15 |
0 |
20 |
15 |
0 |
0 |
20 |
10 |
15 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
6.9 Cognitive theories (Tyler, Conklin) |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
6.10 Post-modernism in anthropology |
0 |
0 |
20 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
20 |
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7. Culture, Language and Communication : Nature, origin and characteristics of language; verbal and non-verbal communication; social contex of language use. |
0 |
0 |
10 |
0 |
10 |
15 |
10 |
30 |
15 |
0 |
10 |
0 |
|
8. Research methods in Anthropology : (a) Fieldwork tradition in anthropology (b) Distinction between technique, method and methodology (c) Tools of data collection : observation, interview, schedules, questionnaire, case study, genealogy, life-history, oral history, secondary sources of information, participatory methods. (d) Analysis, interpretation and presentation of data. |
20 |
20 |
0 |
15 |
15 |
40 |
30 |
25 |
20 |
25 |
20 |
30 |
|
9.1 Human Genetics : Methods and Application : Methods for study of genetic principles in man-family study (pedigree analysis, twin study, foster child, co-twin method, cytogenetic method, chromosomal and karyo-type analysis), biochemical methods, immunological methods, D.N.A. technology and recombinant technologies. |
10 |
0 |
15 |
0 |
20 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
10 |
0 |
30 |
|
9.2 Mendelian genetics in man-family study, single factor, multifactor, lethal, sub-lethal and polygenic inheritance in man. |
0 |
0 |
0 |
15 |
0 |
10 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
10 |
25 |
|
9.3 Concept of genetic polymorphism and selection, Mendelian population, Hardy-Weinberg law; causes and changes which bring down frequency-mutation, isolation, migration, selection, inbreeding and genetic drift. Consanguineous and non-consanguineous mating, genetic load, genetic effect of consanguineous and cousin marriages. |
15 |
20 |
15 |
0 |
10 |
0 |
25 |
15 |
0 |
30 |
15 |
0 |
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9.4 Chromosomes and chromosomal aberrations in man, methodology.
|
20 |
25 |
25 |
15 |
0 |
20 |
0 |
15 |
15 |
10 |
15 |
25 |
|
9.5 Race and racism, biological basis of morphological variation of non-metric and characters. Racial criteria, racial traits in relation to heredity and environment; biological basis of racial classification, racial differentiation and race crossing in man. |
15 |
0 |
0 |
15 |
10 |
10 |
20 |
10 |
10 |
0 |
10 |
0 |
|
9.6 Age, sex and population variation as genetic marker- ABO, Rh blood groups, HLA Hp, transferring, Gm, blood enzymes. Physiological characteristics-Hb level, body fat, pulse rate, respiratory functions and sensory perceptions in different cultural and socioeconomic groups. |
15 |
0 |
0 |
10 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
15 |
0 |
25 |
|
9.7 Concepts and methods of Ecological Anthropology. Bio-cultural Adaptations – Genetic and Non- genetic factors. Man’s physiological responses to environmental stresses: hot desert, cold, high altitude climate. |
15 |
25 |
15 |
20 |
15 |
20 |
20 |
15 |
20 |
0 |
10 |
0 |
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9.8 Epidemiological Anthropology: Health and disease. Infectious and non-infectious diseases. Nutritional deficiency related diseases. |
15 |
30 |
0 |
15 |
0 |
15 |
0 |
30 |
0 |
15 |
15 |
15 |
|
10. Concept of human growth and development: stages of growth - pre-natal, natal, infant, childhood, adolescence, maturity, senescence. - Factors affecting growth and development genetic, environmental, biochemical, nutritional, cultural and socio-economic. - Ageing and senescence. Theories and observations - biological and chronological longevity. Human physique and somatotypes. Methodologies for growth studies. |
35 |
50 |
30 |
20 |
30 |
10 |
25 |
30 |
25 |
30 |
10 |
0 |
|
11.1 Relevance of menarche, menopause and other bioevents to fertility. Fertility patterns and differentials. |
0 |
15 |
10 |
0 |
10 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
15 |
10 |
0 |
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11.2 Demographic theories- biological, social and cultural. |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
20 |
0 |
0 |
|
11.3 Biological and socio-ecological factors influencing fecundity, fertility, natality and mortality. |
0 |
10 |
0 |
0 |
15 |
15 |
15 |
0 |
15 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
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12. Applications of Anthropology: Anthropology of sports, Nutritional anthropology, Anthropology in designing of defence and other equipments, Forensic Anthropology, Methods and principles of personal identification and reconstruction, Applied human genetics – Paternity diagnosis, genetic counseling and eugenics, DNA technology in diseases and medicine, serogenetics and cytogenetics in reproductive biology. |
0 |
0 |
45 |
25 |
20 |
0 |
25 |
25 |
30 |
15 |
30 |
15 |
Anthropology Paper 1 Topic-Wise PYQs
| Topic | Questions |
|---|---|
|
1.1 Meaning, Scope and development of Anthropology. 1.2 Relationships with other disciplines : Social Sciences,behavioural Sciences, Life Sciences,Medical Sciences, Earth Sciences and Humanities. 1.3 Main branches of Anthropology, their scope and relevance : (a) Social-cultural Anthropology. (b) Biological Anthropology. (c) Archaeological Anthropology. (d) Linguistic Anthropology. |
Q. Elaborate the scope of anthropology and elucidate its uniqueness in the field of other social sciences. 20M (2021)
Q. “The biocultural approach is the hallmark of Biocultural anthropology”. Explain 10M (2021)
Q. How can synergising the core branches of anthropology reinvigorate the holistic spirit of the discipline. 20M (2020)
Q. Give an account of the field methods used in the study of Archaeological Anthropology. 15M (2018)
Q. The Relevance of Anthropology. 10M (2018)
Q. Define Anthropology. Describe the major branches of Anthropology elaborating on any one branch. 20M (2017)
Q. Differences between Social Anthropology and Sociology. 10M (2016)
Q. Archaeological Anthropology 10M (2015)
Q. Critically examine the role of anthropology in Contemporary India. 15M (2014)
Q. Major subdivisions of Anthropology. 10M (2014)
Q. How do you situate Anthropology in Social Sciences? 10M (2013)
Q. Linguistic Anthropology. 10M (2013)
Q. Social & Cultural Anthropology. 10M (1994)
Q. Archaeological Anthropology 10M (1992)
Q. Linguistic Anthropology. 10M (1990)
Q. Applied Anthropology (1990)
Q. Theme of Linguistic Anthropology (1989)
Q. New Physical Anthropology (1989) |
|
1.4 Human Evolution and emergence of Man : (a) Biological and Cultural factors in human evolution. (b) Theories of Organic Evolution (Pre-Darwinian, Darwinian and Post Darwinian). (c) Synthetic theory of evolution; Brief outline of terms and concepts of evolutionary biology (Doll’s rule, Cope’s rule, Gause’s rule, parallelism, convergence, adaptive radiation, and mosaic evolution). |
Q. Critically discuss the synergistic effect of biological and cultural factors in human evolution.
Q. What is hominization process? Discuss the major trends in human evolution with the help of
Q. Explain the genetic mechanisms of micro and macro evolution. 15M (2021)
Q. Elucidate how Darwin and post-Darwin theories of evolution resulted in the development of Synthetic theory of evolution. 15M (2020)
Q. Explain the biological changes that made human beings capable of making cultures. 20M (2018)
Q. Critically examine the Darwin’s theory of evolution in understanding Evolution. 15M (2015)
Q. Biological Evolution of early man (1997)
Q. How Darwinism differs from the synthetic theory of organic evolution? (1994)
Q. What is Synthetic Theory of Evolution? Discuss how this theory helps us in understanding the evolutionary mechanism. (1993)
Q. Synthetic theory of evolution (1992)
Q. What is organic evolution? Give evidences for human evolution. (1992)
Q. What is Organic Evolution? Describe the theories of organic evolution. (1991)
Q. Micro evolution (1990)
Q. Elucidate the theory of Evolution as put forward by Lamark. (1989)
Q. Give a critical account of the processes of organic evolution and explain how they contribute to speciation. (1988)
Q. Biological evolution and concept of new Physical Anthropology (1986)
Q. Lamarckism & Darwinism (1986)
Q. Theory of organic evolution (1985) |
|
1.5 Characteristics of Primates; Evolutionary Trend and Primate Taxonomy; Primate Adaptations; (Arboreal and Terrestrial) Primate Taxonomy; Primate Behaviour; Tertiary and Quaternary fossil primates; Living Major Primates; Comparative Anatomy of Man and Apes; Skeletal changes due to erect posture and its implications. |
Q. Discuss different forms of primate social organisation. (15 Marks, 2022)
Q. The losses and gains of erect posture. 10M (2021)
Q. Jane Goodall’s contributions in studying primate behaviour. 10M (2020)
Q. Illustrate with examples the various types of locomotion pattern among non-human primates. 15M (2020)
Q. Adaptive primate radiation. 10M (2019)
Q. Discuss the evolutionary significance of bipedalism and erect posture. 20M (2019)
Q. Bring out the comparative anatomical features of man and apes. Discuss their evolutionary significance. 15M (2017)
Q. Explain the skeletal changes due to erect posture and their implications. 15M (2016)
Q. Elucidate the skeletal differences between humans and chimpanzees. 15M (2014)
Q. Role of Primatology in Anthropological studies. 10M (2013)
Q. Discuss the anatomical changes that occurred in Man due to erect posture. (1998)
Q. Discuss primate locomotion with special reference to adaptation to arboreal life. (1996)
Q. Adaptive primate radiation (1995)
Q. Primate (1994)
Q. Narrate with reasons man’s place in primate order (1994)
Q. Discuss the similarities and differences between Chimpanzee & Man in salient physical and anatomical characteristics. (1993)
Q. Anthropoid Apes (1992)
Q. What are the characteristic physical features of the primates? (1992)
Q. Show the position of man among the other primates in a tabular form. (1992)
Q. Why is Man a primate? Describe the place of Man in the animal kingdom. (1991)
Q. Why is man included in the Primate Order? Discuss in detail. (1989)
Q. Characters of Primates (1988)
Q. Anthropoid Apes (1987)
Q. Discuss the evolution of primates with special reference to dentition – (1986)
Q. What are the different fossil primates of the Palaeocene & Eocene times? (1986)
Q. Discuss critically the contribution of these primates to human origin? (1986)
Q. Give a brief account of the distribution and physical features of the Asiatic Anthropoid apes. |
|
1.6 Phylogenetic status, characteristics and geographical distribution of the following:
(b) Homoerectus: Africa (Paranthropus), Europe (Homo erectus heidelbergensis), Asia (Homo erectus javanicus, Homo erectus pekinensis). (c) Neanderthal Man- La-Chapelleauxsaints (Classical type), Mt. Carmel (Progressive type). (d) Rhodesian man. (e) Homosapiens — Cromagnon, Grimaldi and Chancelede. |
Q. Discuss the geographical distribution of Homo erectus. Taking into account its physical
Q. What are the physical and cultural characteristics of Homo erectus? Discuss its phylogenetic status? 20M (2021)
Q. Critically evaluate the contesting theories of the emergence and dispersal of modern Homo sapiens. 20M (2020)
Q. Europeans are closer to Neanderthals’. Critically discuss in view of the African origin of human kind. 15M (2019)
Q. Describe the culture related to homo erectus. 15M (2018)
Q. Write short notes on Rhodesian Man. 10M (2016)
Q. Describe the Salient characteristics & Geographical distribution of Homo erectus. 20M (2015)
Q. Asian Homo erectus 10M (2014)
Q. Comment briefly on the phylogenetic position of Australopithecines 10M (2012)
Q. Neanderthal Man 15M (2011)
Q. Describe major skeletal similarities & differences between Home Erectus & Homo Sapiens. 30M (2011)
Q. Culture of Homo erectus. 15M (2010)
Q. Homo Habilis. 20M (2009)
Q. Distinguish between major categories of Australopithecines. How are Australopithecines different from Apes? 30M (2009)
Q. Discuss the geographic distribution and taxonomic issues concerning early hominids. Elucidate evidence in support of alternative positions. (1996)
Q. Discuss the single source Vs multiple sources of the origin of Homo sapiens. Which one of the two hypotheses do you think is more tenable? Give reasons in support of your answer (1995)
Q. Homo erectus finds from Africa. (1995)
Q. Homo sapiens – Neanderthalensis (1994)
Q. Compare the fossil remains of progressive and ‘classic’ Neanderthal men for anatomical characteristics and spatial distribution. Examine Their phylogenetic position in human evolution. (1993)
Q. Discuss the origin of Australopithecines. Describe their spatial distribution and physical features. (1990)
Q. Morphological characters of Homo erectus (1989)
Q. Write what you know about Homo sapiens and Neanderthalensis. (1989)
Q. Discuss the spatial distribution, physical features, cultural status and origin of Australopithecines (1987)
Q. What do you understand by the term Homo sapiens’? Give an account of the distribution and physical features of the earliest fossil homo sapiens. (1985) |
|
1.7 The biological basis of life: The Cell, DNA structure and replication, Protein Synthesis, Gene, Mutation, Chromosomes, and Cell Division. |
Q. Gene expression. (10M-2023)
Q. Write a short note on protein synthesis 20M (2008) |
|
1.8 (a) Principles of Prehistoric Archaeology. Chronology: Relative and Absolute Dating methods. (b) Cultural Evolution- Broad Outlines of Prehistoric cultures: (i) Paleolithic (ii) Mesolithic (iii) Neolithic (iv) Chalcolithic (v) Copper-Bronze Age (vi) Iron Age |
Q. Harappan maritime trade (10M—2024)
Q. Thermoluminescence (TL) dating. 10M (2021)
Q. Describe the features of early farming cultures and Neolithic of the Near East. 15M (2021)
Q. Discuss the salient features of different traditions of European Mesolithic. 15M(2021)
Q. Natufian culture. 10M (2020)
Q. Differentiate between lower palaeolithic and middle palaeolithic culture with suitable examples. 15M (2020)
Q. Discuss with examples the megalithic culture of India in the archaeological context. 20M (2019)
Q. Olduvai gorge. 10M (2019)
Q. Elucidate Mesolithic culture and associated rock art with examples from India. 15M (2019)
Q. Relative dating methods. 10M (2019)
Q. Discuss briefly the major traditions in the Upper Paleolithic cultures of Europe. 15M (2019)
Q. Town planning of Harappan culture. 10M (2018)
Q. Give an account of the consequences of food production of Neolithic culture. 15M (2018)
Q. What are dating methods? Discuss one absolute method and one relative methods in detail. 15M (2017)
Q. Salient features of Mesolithic culture. 10M (2017)
Q. Neolithic Cultures of India 10M (2016)
Q. Delineate the salient features of Chalcoloithic cultures. 15M (2016)
Q. Paleolithic Culture 10M (2015)
Q. Describe the Neolithic culture of India. 15M (2014)
Q. Describe the absolute dating methods in Archaeology, Highlighting the importance of each method. 15M (2014)
Q. Carbon-14 method of dating 10M (2013)
Q. Problems of dating in Prehistoric Archaeology (1997)
Q. Radiometric methods of dating fossils (1996)
Q. Chronometric dating methods (1995)
Q. Why is the Neolithic phase of culture ‘in Europe called revolution? Describe its distinctive features. (1995) |
|
2.1 The Nature of Culture: The concept and characteristics of culture and civilization; Ethnocentrism vis-àvis cultural Relativism. |
Q. Attributes of culture. (10M---2024)
Q. Human rights and cultural relativism. 10M (2020)
Q. Cultural Relativism 10M (2019)
Q. Cultural Relativism 10M (2016)
Q. Is culture unique to human beings? Critically examine. 15M (2014)
Q. Why the concept of Culture Relativism been so dear to Anthropologists? 20M (2013)
Q. Bring out the distinguishing features of culture and civilization. 15M (2013)
Q. Cultural relativism and subsequent violation of Human rights? 15M (2010)
Q. Components of culture vast and varied”. Explain this statement. (2002)
Q. Culture trait and culture complex (1999)
Q. Super organic view of culture (1998)
Q. Pattern of culture (1998)
Q. Acculturation and Contra – acculturation (1997)
Q. What do you understand by cultural relativistic approach & ethnocentric approach in the study of culture” Discuss the logical premises of cultural relativistic approach. (1997)
Q. Culture as construct or reality (1989)
Q. How does culture differ from civilization? Describe the attributes of Culture? (1987)
Q. Cultural Relativism (1987) |
|
2.2 The Nature of Society: Concept of Society; Society and Culture; Social Institutions; Social groups; and Social stratification. |
Q. Examine critically the concept of social stratification as a basis for sustaining social inequality. (20M---2024)
Q. Critically evaluate different types of social stratification with suitable examples. 20M (2021)
Q. Discuss Erving Goffman’s concept of total institutions and it’s relevance in contemporary society. 15M (2020)
Q. Discuss Social stratification according to any three major approaches. 20M (2019)
Q. Define Status & Role. Distinguish between Ascribed and Achieved Status. 15M (2017)
Q. Society and culture 10M (2015)
Q. Define Status & Role. Distinguish between Ascribed and Achieved Status. 15M (2014)
Q. What is the basis of social stratification? Discuss with examples. 20M (2012)
Q. Explain the concept of status and role in anthropology 20M (2012)
Q. Write a detailed note on polyandrous societies, citing Indian examples. 30M (2009)
Q. Social stratification (2000)
Q. Social structure (1999) |
|
2.3 Marriage: Definition and universality; Laws of marriage (endogamy, exogamy, hypergamy, hypogamy, incest taboo); Types of marriage (monogamy, polygamy, polyandry, group marriage). Functions of marriage; Marriage regulations (preferential, prescriptive and proscriptive); Marriage payments (bride wealth and dowry). |
Q. Discuss the role of marriage regulations in traditional societies in India for strengthening social solidarity. (20M ---2023)
Q. Marriage Regulations and Alliance Theory 10M (2021)
Q. Ways of acquiring mate in Tribal society. 10M (2018)
Q. Discuss the Different forms of preferential marriage with suitable examples from tribal societies in India. 15M (2017)
Q. Define marriage & describe the various types of marriages in human societies. 15M (2014)
Q. Where do you situate ‘live-in relationship’ within the institution of marriage? 15M (2013)
Q. How does taboo serve as a means of social control? 15M (2013)
Q. Ways of acquiring a spouse in simpler societies 10M (2012)
Q. Incest Taboo (2006)
Q. Describe various ways of getting mate in Primitive Society. Give examples from Indian context. (1994)
Q. Matrilineal society (1991)
Q. Describe the problems of Universal definition of marriage. (1991)
Q. Describe the different forms of marriage among the tribal people of India. (1991)
Q. Define Marriage. Describe its different forms with suitable examples as prevalent among the tribal people of India. Point out the Functions of marriage. (1989)
Q. What are incest regulations? Bring out their socio-cultural functions in the context of stability in the institutions of marriage, family and kinship. (1988)
Q. What are various forms of preferential mating? Explain with Indian examples. (1985) |
|
2.4 Family: Definition and universality; Family, household and domestic groups; Functions of family; Types of family (from the perspectives of structure, blood relation, marriage, residence and succession); Impact of urbanization, industrialization and feminist movements on family |
Q. Define urbanization and discuss its impact on family in India with examples. (15M—2024)
Q. Critically evaluate Lewis Morgans’s classification of family. 15M (2021)
Q. Explain the impact of feminist movement on universality of marriage and family structure. 15M (2020)
Q. Discuss the impact of urbanization and feminist movements on family in India. 20M (2016)
Q. Define family and critically examine Universality of Family. 15M (2015)
Q. Discuss the impact of urbanization and feminist movement on family. 20M (2013)
Q. Is family a social institution? 10M (2012)
Q. What do you understand by Feminist movements? Discuss their impact on family. (2002)
Q. Critically comment on the forces and factors that have brought about changes in the family structure in recent times (1999)
Q. Do you agree with the view that family is a ‘universal association’? Critically examine the above statement. (1998)
Q. Examine family both as a social group and as an institution. Describe the functions of family and household, Indicating there in the recent changes. (1996)
Q. Is family a Universal Social group? Critically examine this with examples. (1993)
Q. Give a comparative account of different types of family in the tribes of India. Illustrate your answer with suitable examples. (1990)
Q. Universality of family (1988)
Q. Give a comparative account of different types of family in tribal & non-tribal societies of India. (1987)
Q. What are the major functions of the family? Indicate the recent changes that have taken place in its types and functions with special reference to India. (1985) |
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2.5 Kinship: Consanguinity and Affinity; Principles and types of descent (Unilineal, Double, Bilateral, Ambilineal); Forms of descent groups (lineage, clan, phratry, moiety and kindred); Kinship terminology (descriptive and classificatory); Descent, Filiation and Complimentary Filiation; Descent and Alliance. |
Q. Critical perspective on avoidance and joking relationship. (10M—2024)
Q. Descent Groups 10M (2021)
Q. Explain the structural analysis of Kinship as proposed by Levi-Strauss 15M (2021)
Q. How did Radcliffe-Brown and Lewis-Strauss study kinship in terms of social structure. 15M (2019)
Q. Kinship Terminology 10M (2018)
Q. Elucidate the determinants of kinship terminology. 15M (2017)
Q. Bilineal and bilateral descents. 10M (2017)
Q. Lineage and Clan. 10M (2016)
Q. Describes the cardinal points of descent and alliance theories. 20M (2016)
Q. Double Descent 10M (2014)
Q. Various types of descent 10M (2013)
Q. Describe types of kinship groups formed on the basis of different principles. 20M (2012)
Q. What factors are responsible for bringing about variation in residence of different societies? Explain how kinship influences man’s social life. 30M (2010)
Q. Segmentary lineage and territoriality 15M (2010)
Q. Various types of descent 10M (2008)
Q. Define kinship & throw light on ‘functional importance’ of kinship in Anthropology (2003)
Q. Explain the salient features of Descent and Alliance theories. Discuss their relevance to the analysis and understanding of social structure (2001)
Q. Discuss the distinguishing features of unilineal, bilineal and bilateral kin groups with Suitable examples in support of your answer. (1997)
Q. What is Kinship System? Describe the changing roles of the system in the context of
Q. Kinship terms and Kinship behavior (1994)
Q. What is kinship system? Discuss its relevance in understanding the social structure of society. (1991)
Q. Difference between clan and lineage in primitive society (1986) |
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3. Economic organization: Meaning, scope and relevance of economic anthropology; Formalist and Substantivist debate; Principles governing production, distribution and exchange (reciprocity, redistribution and market), in communities, subsisting on hunting and gathering, fishing, swiddening, pastoralism, horticulture, and agriculture;
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Q. Cultural relevance of the Kula (10M—2024)
Q. Modes of subsistence 10M (2021)
Q. Pastoralism in India 10M (2019)
Q. Write the characteristics of hunting and gathering economy. 15M (2018)
Q. With the help of appropriate example, explain the various forms of exchange system. 15M (2017)
Q. Discuss the principles governing production, distribution and exchange in simple societies. 20M (2016)
Q. Horticulture 10M (2015)
Q. Critically examine the Formalists & Substantivists views on the applicability of Economic laws in the study of Primitive societies. 20M (2015)
Q. Discuss the impact of globalization on tribal economy 20M (2013)
Q. Differentiate between Economics and Economic Anthropology 10M (2013)
Q. Discuss different modes of Exchanges in simple societies with examples 30M (2011)
Q. Critically examine the debate between Formalists & Substantivists 30M (2011)
Q. What stage is known as incipient stage of food production? Point out major features of this cultural stage. Illustrate your answer with suitable examples from a specific area in the old world. 30M (2010)
Q. Trade & barter (2005)
Q. Critically discuss the formalist and substantivist approaches in the context of economic anthropology. (2005)
Q. Ceremonial Exchange (2004)
Q. Kula Ring (2003)
Q. Primitive economic organization has several peculiar features relating to the production, consumption, distribution and exchange.” Discuss above statement by providing appropriate illustrations. (2003)
Q. Delineate the meaning and scope of economic anthropology and discuss the principles that govern production, distribution and consumption in hunting and gathering communities. (1997)
Q. Define market. Discuss the nature and role of markets in tribal communities. (1992)
Q. Discuss the meaning & scope of ‘economic anthropology’. (1990)
Q. Discuss the role of reciprocity & redistribution in tribal economy with examples. (1988) |
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4. Political organization and Social Control: Band, tribe, chiefdom, kingdom and state; Concepts of power, authority and legitimacy; Social control, law and justice in simple societies. |
Q. Authority and forms of political organization (10M-2024)
Q. How do political organizations of simple societies establish power, authority and legitimacy? 20M (2021)
Q. How is the construction of power linked to the notion of conspicuous consumption and it’s impact on distributive justice. 15M (2020)
Q. How does customary law function in the tribal society? Discuss its different sources. 15M (2018)
Q. Mention the characteristics features of band with suitable examples. 15M (2017)
Q. Discuss different social control mechanisms in simple societies. 15M (2016)
Q. Differentiate between State and Stateless Societies. 10M (2014)
Q. Discuss the nature of Law and Justice in simple societies citing suitable examples. 20M (2014)
Q. Band and tribal societies 12M (2012)
Q. Chiefdom in tribal society 20M (2009)
Q. Discuss mechanisms of social control in simple societies citing suitable examples. (2007)
Q. Describe the evolution of Political Systems (2006)
Q. ‘Primitive Society is governed by the traditional customary law’. Do you agree with this statement? Explain. (1998)
Q. Differentiate between centralized political systems and stateless political Systems and state how law & justice are administered in stateless societies. (1996)
Q. Differentiate between state & stateless political systems. Do you think that a stateless political system can function in modern societies? (1994)
Q. Describe the means of social control in simpler societies and compare the legal system of simple and complex societies. (1993)
Q. Explain the meaning and scope of political anthropology. Describe how law and justice are maintained in simpler societies. (1991)
Q. Explain the meaning & scope of political anthropology. Describe how law and order are being maintained in the so-called preliterate societies. (1989)
Q. Law & Justice in simple societies. (1987)
Q. How is law administered in primitive societies? Give suitable examples. (1985) |
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5. Religion: Anthropological approaches to the study of religion (evolutionary, Monotheism and polytheism; sacred and profane; Myths and rituals; Forms of religion in tribal and peasant societies (animism, animatism, fetishism, naturism and totemism); Religion, magic and science distinguished; Magicoreligious functionaries (priest, shaman, medicine man, sorcerer and witch). |
Q. How does Lévi-Strauss look at the Tsimshian myth of Asdiwal? Critically discuss Lévi-Strauss’
Q. Animism and Deep Ecology 10M (2021)
Q. Critically explain the anthropological approaches to religion. 15M (2019)
Q. Discuss the different traditional forms of religion in tribal societies. 20M (2017)
Q. Difference between science and magic. 10M (2018)
Q. Short notes on Totemism 10M (2016)
Q. Critically examine different Anthropological approaches to Religion. 15M (2016)
Q. How do you relate the concepts of ‘Sacred’ and ‘Profane’ in Durkheim’s theory of Religion with a focus on the role of Totem? 15M (2015)
Q. Totemism 10M (2013)
Q. Distinguish between religion, magic and science 20M (2013)
Q. Explain various Anthropological approaches to study Religion. 30M (2011)
Q. How anthropologists define Religion? Describe various forms of religion with examples. (2007)
Q. Shamanism (2007)
Q. “Witchcraft accusation is the result of strained interpersonal relations” – Explain (2005)
Q. Distinguish between magic and religion. Give suitable examples. (2004)
Q. Discuss some of the characteristic features of tribal religions in India and state how far they have changed in recent times. (1999)
Q. Witchcraft and Sorcery (1998)
Q. Why have religion and magic become stable features of a society? What role do the religious functionaries play in simple and non- literate societies? (1996)
Q. Discuss the role of totemism in primitive religion, according to Durkheim. (1994)
Q. Highlight the significance of religious practices in Tribal communities of India. (1993)
Q. Religion and Magic (1992)
Q. What is religion? Discuss Tylor’s Theory of Origin of religion. (1991)
Q. Describe the Origin of religion. Distinguish between religion and magic. (1990)
Q. What do you mean by Totemism? Discuss the role of totemism in the tribal life of India. (1989)
Q. Distinguish between religion and magic. Critically examine the different theories of religion and comment on their relevance today. (1987)
Q. Differences between primitive religion and world religion (1986)
Q. How do you explain the origin and evolution of religion? How does religion continue to function in human society? (1985) |
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6.1 Classical evolutionism (Tylor, Morgan and Frazer) |
Q. How did Morgan explain the Evolution of Marriage, Family and Socio-Political organization & how did other Evolutionists disagree with his explanation? 20M (2015)
Q. How do Diffusionism & Evolutionism differ as explanations of Culture change? 15M (2015)
Q. Universal Culture Evolution (2002)
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6.2 Historical particularism (Boas); Diffusionism (British, German and American) |
Q. Discuss historical particularism as a critical development to the classical evolutionism. (20
Q. Historical Particularism and Franz Boas 10M (2021)
Q. How do Diffusionism & Evolutionism differ as explanations of Culture change? 15M (2015)
Q. Historical Particularism and Franz Boas 10M (2015)
Q. Culture area & Age area (Diffusionism) (2000)
Q. Define ‘culture area’. How did it help American diffusionists to understand diffusion of culture?
Q. Franz Boas (1998)
Q. Critically examine the Historical Particularistic approach of Franz Boas to the study of culture.
Q. What was Boas’ approach of studying primitive cultures? Delineate the role of Field work and history in anthropological study (1995)
Q. Franz Boas (1991) |
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6.3 Functionalism (Malinowski); Structural-functionlism (Radcliffe-Brown) |
Q. Basic tenets of structural-functionalism. 10M (2017)
Q. Re-examine the views of R.C. Brown in connection with structure & function in Anthropology? (1989)
Q. Evaluate Malinowski’s contributions to functionalism (1987)
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6.4 Structuralism (Levi - Strauss and E.Leach) |
Q. How do the concepts of binary opposites and exchange figure in Levi-Strauss’ structural analysis of kinship? 15M (2016)
Q. What are the major criticisms of the theory of “Structuralism” as propounded by Claude LeviStrauss? 30M (2009)
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6.5 Culture and personality (Benedict, Mead, Linton, Kardiner and Cora –du Bois). |
Q. Critically discuss the characteristics of the psychological types in the cultures of the
Q. Critically discuss the characteristics of the psychological types in the cultures of the
Q. Discuss various anthropological approaches to the study of personality and culture. 20M (2020)
Q. What do you understand by the National character Study? Illustrate. 15M (2018)
Q. Explain Ruth Benedict’s patterns of culture. 20M (2017)
Q. Discuss the relationship between culture and personality. (2008)
Q. Critically discuss the contributions of Ruth Benedict to the study of culture. (2004)
Q. Discuss the contributions of Margaret Mead and Ralph Linton to the analysis of the
Q. Discuss the contribution of Ralph Linton, Cora-Du-Bois and Abraham Kardiner in the
Q. Culture- Personality (1996)
Q. Model Personality (Cultural personality school) (1992) |
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6.6 Neo - evolutionism (Childe, White, Steward, Sahlins and Service) |
Q. Discuss the approaches of Leslie White, Julian Steward and Marshall Sahlins in the light of
Q. Explain the theory of ‘Neo-Evolutionism’ 60M (2009)
Q. What do you understand by Neo-evolutionism? Evaluate how Leslie A White’s approach is helpful in understanding cultural revolution. (2000)
Q. What do you mean by cultural ecology’? Evaluate how Julian Steward’s particularistic approach is helpful in understanding multilineal evolution. (1998)
Q. Neo-evolutionism (1997)
Q. How do the approaches of the 19th century Evolutionists differ from those of the Neo Evolutionists? Discuss (1993)
Q. Write an essay on neo-evolutionism and cultural ecology. (1989) |
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6.7 Cultural materialism (Harris) |
Q. Cultural Materialism 15M (2019)
Q. Cultural Materialism (2003) |
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6.8 Symbolic and interpretive theories (Turner, Schneider and Geertz) |
Q. Elucidate the concept of “thick description” of Clifford Geertz with a suitable example. 15M (2021)
Q. Critically examine the contribution of anthropologists in the interpretation of Symbols. 30M (2011)
Q. Symbolic Anthropology (2001)
Q. Symbolism (1999) |
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6.9 Cognitive theories (Tyler, Conklin) |
Q. Critically explain the notion of ‘deconstruction’ in the light of the postmodern works of Jacques
Q. Cognitive Anthropology (2002)
Q. What is cognitive approach? Critically examine its implications in Socio-cultural |
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6.10 Post- modernism in anthropology |
Q. Explain the basic features of ‘Postmodernism’ in Anthropology. 20M (2015)
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7. Culture, language and communication: Nature, origin and characteristics of language; verbal and nonverbal communication; social context of language use. |
Q. Glottochronology. (10M---2023)
Q. Mention the major branches of linguistic anthropology and discuss language use in social and cultural settings. 15M (2021)
Q. Sapir-Whorf hypothesis. 10M (2020)
Q. Explain how variations in language usage related to social inequality. 20M (2020)
Q. The relationship between Linguistics and Social-cultural Anthropology. 10M (2019)
Q. Critically examine that the structure and content of language are influenced by culture. 15M (2018)
Q. Non-verbal communication. 10M (2017)
Q. Explain the difference between ‘Emic’ & ‘Etic’ and how does the difference derive from the study of language? 10M (2015)
Q. State the theories regarding the origin of spoken languages in human societies both from Biological and cultural points of view. 30M (2010) |
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8. Research methods in anthropology:
(b) Distinction between technique, method and methodology (c) Tools of data collection: observation, interview, schedules, questionnaire, Case study, genealogy, lifehistory, oral history, secondary sources of information, participatory methods. (d) Analysis, interpretation and presentation of data. |
Q. Discuss the contemporary challenges in fieldwork method in anthropological research. (15M--
Q. Discuss various tools of data collection in conducting anthropological research. 20M (2021)
Q. Experimental ethnography. 10M (2020)
Q. How have interpretation and presentation of data changed from classical to contemporary writing in anthropological texts? 15M (2020)
Q. Discuss phenomenology as a research method in anthropological studies. 15M (2019)
Q. Evaluate participant observation in producing anthropological knowledge. 15M (2019)
Q. Define ethnography and present a brief history of ethnography studies. 20M (2018)
Q. How is case study method helpful in understanding a social phenomena? Explain with suitable example. 20M (2018)
Q. Elucidate the basic characteristics of anthropological fieldwork methods. 15M (2017)
Q. Describe the evolution of Fieldwork tradition in Anthropology. 15M (2016)
Q. Field work tradition in Anthropology 10M (2014)
Q. Genealogical Method 10M (2014)
Q. Discuss the relevance of Case Study method of data collection. 20M (2013)
Q. What are the tools of data collection? Discuss the advantages and limitations of participant – observations as a technique of data collection 20M (2012)
Q. Field work tradition in Anthropology 15M (2011)
Q. What do you understand by the following terms? 30M (2010) (i) Systematic sampling. (ii) Stratified sampling. (iii) Multistage sampling.
Q. Schedule and ‘Questionnaire’ in research methodology 20M (2009)
Q. Discuss the importance of field work in anthropology and describe various tools of data collection (2008)
Q. Critically examine the contribution of Positivist and Non- Positivist approaches in Social Science Research (2007)
Q. Participatory Rapid Assessment (PRA) (2004)
Q. Discuss the contributions of field work in the development of anthropological concepts and theories. (1999)
Q. Trace the genesis and development of fieldwork in anthropological research. Assess its importance in the development of Anthropology. (1998)
Q. Examine the importance of observation as a field work technique in Anthropology. Differentiate between participant & non- participant Observation and analyze the problem of objectivity in participant observation. (1996)
Q. What are questionnaires & schedule techniques of field study? Assess their relative usefulness in anthropological studies. (1995)
Q. Discuss the nature and logic of anthropological field work methods. How these differ from those of other social sciences? Discuss. (1994)
Q. Genealogical Method (1994)
Q. Method and Methodology (1993)
Q. Discuss the nature and method of Anthropological Fieldwork and explain its uniqueness. (1993)
Q. Discuss the nature and logic of anthropological field work methods. (1991)
Q. Discuss the difference between the technique, method and methodology as employed in anthropological studies. (1990)
Q. Participant observation in Anthropological Fieldwork. (1989)
Q. How does fieldworker strike a balance between the theoretical requirements and real field situations? Describe with suitable examples. (1989)
Q. Discuss the different fieldwork traditions in anthropological research. (1988)
Q. Distinguish between technique, method and methodology. Examine their role in anthropological studies. (1987)
Q. Field work tradition in Anthropology (1987)
Q. Explain the significant role of an informant in anthropological fieldwork. (1986)
Q. Field work tradition in Anthropology (1985) |
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9.1 Human Genetics: Methods and Application: Methods for study of genetic principles in man-family study (pedigree analysis, twin study, foster child, co-twin method, |
Q. Heritability and its estimation (10M---2024)
Q. Briefly describe the various methods used in the genetic study of man. 20M (2017)
Q. What do you understand by Immunogenetics? Explain with suitable examples. 15M (2015)
Q. Twin method in human genetics 10M (2013)
Q. Anthropological relevance of population genetics. 20M (2009)
Q. Thrifty genotype 20M (2009)
Q. Pedigree Analysis (2007)
Q. Genome Study (2007)
Q. Discuss the areas in which the knowledge of human genetics can be applied. (2004)
Q. Discuss the role of twins in nature – nurture problems and illustrate your answer with suitable examples (1999)
Q. Define twins. Describe the methods of diagnosis of twins. In what way are twins useful in the study of human genetics? (1998) |
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9.2 Mendelian genetics in man-family study, single factor, multifactor, lethal, sublethal and polygenic inheritance in man. |
Q. Lethal and sublethal genes (10M---2024)
Q. Categorize Genes that influence Human Survival. 10M (2018)
Q. Critically discuss the Mendelian principles and their application to human populations. 15M (2016)
Q. What are the legal and sub-lethal genes? Explain 20M (2012)
Q. Discuss monogenetic & polygenetic inheritance in man with suitable examples. 30M (2011)
Q. What are the contributions of Gregor Mendel to the field of Genetics? Discuss with suitable examples how Mendel’s laws of inheritance are applicable to Man? (1993)
Q. What are Mendel’s laws of inheritance? Describe the recent advances in human genetics. (1992)
Q. Describe Mendel’s laws of inheritance. What are the recent advances in human genetics and human cytogenetics? (1990)
Q. Laws of heredity as propounded by Mendel. (1989)
Q. Discuss how laws of heredity propounded by Mendel can be understood in the context of meiotic Cell division and their applications to Man. (1987)
Q. Discuss the laws of inheritance propounded by Mendel on the basis of his classic experiments. Explain how these laws are applied in the study of human genetics (1986) |
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9.3 Concept of genetic polymorphism and selection, Mendelian population, Hardy Weinberg law; causes and changes which bring down frequency – mutation, isolation, migration, selection, inbreeding and genetic drift. Consanguineous and nonconsanguineous mating, genetic load, genetic effect of consanguineous and cousin marriages. |
Q. What assumptions must be met for a population to be in genetic equilibrium? Explain the
Q. Genetic drift. 10M (2020)
Q. How do marriage rules impact the gene pool of populations? 15M (2020)
Q. Differentiate between transient and balanced genetic polymorphisms. Illustrate your answer with suitable examples from human populations. 15M (2019)
Q. Implications of mutation in evolution 10M (2019)
Q. Hardy-Weinberg Law. 10M (2017)
Q. Define Genetic polymorphism. Give details of its types with suitable examples. 15M (2015)
Q. Discuss the factors affecting gene frequencies among human populations. 20M (2014)
Q. What do you understand by 'Genetic Load' in a population? How is it measured and what are the important factors that can influence it? 15M (2013)
Q. What are the genetic effects of Consanguinity? Give examples? 20M (2012)
Q. Genetic Polymorphism 15M (2011)
Q. Conditions necessary for the operation of hardy – Weinberg law 15M (2011)
Q. What is Balanced Genetic Polymorphism? How is it maintained in a population? 30M (2010)
Q. What is genetic load’ and what factors influence it? 30M (2009)
Q. Inbreeding (2008)
Q. What do you understand by Hardy- Weinberg equilibrium? Discuss the factors that produce and redistribute variations. (2008)
Q. Genetic Polymorphism (2006)
Q. Problems of Inbreeding (2005)
Q. Genetic polymorphism and selection (2003)
Q. Describe the major causes of change in gene frequency of a population (2003)
Q. What are the statistical methods used in Physical Anthropology? (2001)
Q. Mutation (1998)
Q. Discuss the concept of Mendelian Population’ and its application in the study of anthropogenetic variations in India. (1997)
Q. Discuss the concepts of balanced po1ymorphism & relaxed selection with special reference to malaria dependent polymorphism in Man. (1994)
Q. Inbreeding and cross breeding (1993)
Q. Is inbreeding different from consanguinity? Give an account of inbreeding studies in India and comment on their social relevance. (1987)
Q. Discuss role of genetic drift, mutation and migration as the causes of variation. (1985) |
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9.4 Chromosomes and chromosomal aberrations in man, methodology.
(b) Sex chromosomal aberrations – Klinefelter (XXY), Turner (XO), Super female (XXX), intersex and other syndromic disorders. (c) Autosomal aberrations – Down syndrome, Patau, Edward and Cri-du-chat syndromes. (d) Genetic imprints in human disease, genetic screening, genetic counseling, human DNA profiling, gene mapping and genome study. |
Q. Single-gene mutation disorders in man (10M—2024)
Q. “Chromosomal aberrations can play havoc with the human body and mind.” Explain with suitable examples. 15M (2021)
Q. How many numerical aberrations in sex chromosomes lead to genetic disorders? 15M (2020)
Q. Describe the mechanism for structural anomalies of autosomes with diagrams. 20M (2018)
Q. Explain the significance of screening and counselling for genetic disorders. 15M (2016)
Q. Down’s syndrome 10M (2015)
Q. Discuss chromosomal aberrations in man illustrating with examples. 15M (2015)
Q. Describe Turner and Kline filter Syndromes 15M (2014)
Q. Genetic Counselling 10M (2014)
Q. Discuss the chromosomal aberrations and manifestations of Klinefelter and Turner syndromes 20M (2013)
Q. Genetic Counselling 12M (2012)
Q. Chromosomal deletions and numerical fluctuations may lead to gross abnormalities in man. Discuss with the help of suitable example. 30M (2010)
Q. Discuss different types of sex chromosomal aberrations. (2007)
Q. What is Genetic Counselling? Discuss its relevance in the present day context. (2006)
Q. Klinefelter Syndrome (2003)
Q. Genetic counselling (2002)
Q. Discuss the relevance of human DNA profiling and Gene Mapping in the prevention and cure of diseases. (2001)
Q. Genetic Counselling (1998)
Q. Gene therapy (1995)
Q. Discuss genetic and clinical aspects of the anomalies of sex chromosomes in man with Special reference to the associated mosaic constitutions (1995) |
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9.5 Race and racism, biological basis of morphological variation of non-metric and metric characters. Racial criteria, racial traits in relation to heredity and environment; biological basis of racial classification, racial differentiation and race crossing in man. |
Q. Race and Ethnicity. (10M-2023)
Q. Is race a valid and biologically meaningful concept? 10M (2021)
Q. Racism and Eugenics. 10M (2020)
Q. With reference to the somatoscopic and morphometric characteristics commonly used for racial classification, make critical comments as to whether’ Race’ is a valid concept. 20M (2019)
Q. Race is a Myth. Justify its Present day Relevance. 10M (2018)
Q. Concept of race. 10M (2017)
Q. Explain the role of heredity and environment in the formation of races. 15M (2016)
Q. Differentiate between Race and Racism. What are three major races of the world? Give important biological criteria used frequently for such a classification. 15M (2013)
Q. Discuss race Crossing in humans with suitable examples. 20M (2012)
Q. Is Race a valid concept? Critically assess the relevance of racial classification in the Indian Context. 30M (2010)
Q. Racial Criteria (2006)
Q. Race & Racism (2004)
Q. What is ‘race? Enumerate and discuss the factors responsible for the formation of races. (1998)
Q. Controversies of race (1996)
Q. Discuss the role of heredity and environment in formation of race. (1994)
Q. Racial types of India (1993)
Q. Discuss the main processes involved in the formation of races. (1992)
Q. What is race? Describe the criteria employed for the classification of human races. (1991)
Q. Causes of human variation (1990)
Q. How are the races formed? Describe the physical characteristics and distribution of different racial types in India (1990)
Q. Examine critically the bases of racial classification in the light of modern developments in Physical Anthropology (1989)
Q. Define race as a biological concept and discuss the various criteria of racial classification (1988)
Q. Racism (1987)
Q. Factors involved in race formation in man. (1985) |
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9.6 Age, sex and population variation as genetic marker- ABO, Rh blood groups, HLA Hp, transferring, Gm, blood enzymes. Physiological characteristics-Hb level, body fat, pulse rate, respiratory functions and sensory perceptions in different cultural and socioeconomic groups. |
Q. Hemoglobin in health and disease (10M—2024)
Q. RH-blood group 10M (2016)
Q. What are genetic markers and what is their usefulness? Why are blood groups considered as good genetic markers? Illustrate with examples. 15M (2013)
Q. Discuss the role of ABO blood group system in resolving cases of disputed paternity 20M (2012)
Q. Give a competitive account of the variations in haemoglobin levels and respiratory functions among the populations Living under different environmental stresses 30M (2012)
Q. Respiratory Functions 15M (2011)
Q. Genetics of HLA and organ transplantation 30M (2009)
Q. ABO and Rh blood group distribution in human populations (2008)
Q. Evaluate genetic heterogeneity of ABC, Rh and Gm antigens. Discuss how the principal Human groups can be distinguished on the basis of their blood antigen characteristics (2000) |
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9.7 Concepts and methods of Ecological Anthropology. Bio-cultural Adaptations – Genetic and Non- genetic factors. Man’s physiological responses to environmental stresses: hot desert, cold, high altitude climate. |
Q. Customary laws and Environmental conservation. (10M-2023)
Q. What is acclimatization? Discuss adaptive responses to high altitude and cold climate. 20M (2021)
Q. Describe the biocultural responses to extreme climatic events. 15M (2020)
Q. ‘Human adaptations are always bio-cultural in nature’. Discuss with reference to human adaptation to high-altitude climate. 20M (2019)
Q. Distinguish between adaptation, adaptability and acclimatization with examples. 20M (2018)
Q. Discuss the responses and acclimatization to high altitude stresses. 15M (2017)
Q. Discuss the genetic and non-genetic factors in the bio-cultural adaptations of human beings to different environments. 20M (2016)
Q. Critically examine the physiological responses and Acclimatization to cold climate in man. 15M (2015)
Q. What are the stresses at high altitudes? How do better cardiorespiratory functions help the native highlanders in combating low environmental pressure? 15M (2014)
Q. Ecological Anthropology 10M (2014)
Q. Elaborate upon major human adaptations to heat and cold. 15M (2013)
Q. Give a competitive account of the variations in haemoglobin levels and respiratory functions among the populations Living under different environmental stresses. 30M (2012)
Q. How does improved aerobic fitness increase exercise tolerance in warm humid climates? Give suitable examples in support of your answer. 20M (2012)
Q. Native Highlanders are well adapted to the high altitude environment. Discuss 30M (2011)
Q. Define adaptability. What bio-cultural adjustments do humans show in coping up with stress at high altitude? (2008)
Q. Examine adaptive significance of Human Variations in Tropical and Arctic Climatic Zones. (2007)
Q. Biological adaptation (2002)
Q. Ecological Anthropology (2001)
Q. Genetic Adaptation (2000)
Q. Define ecosystem. Explain with examples, how biocultural adaptive qualities have helped Human survival in stressful eco-conditions. (2000)
Q. Discuss the mechanism by which the human body adapts to altitudinal changes and other geographical stresses. (1999)
Q. How are body size and shape related to climatic adaptation? Discuss the ecological rules with examples from human situations. (1997)
Q. Define adaptability. Compare the adaptive responses in man to stresses at high altitudes and in a hot desert environment. (1995) |
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9.8 Epidemiological Anthropology: Health and disease. Infectious and non-infectious diseases. Nutritional deficiency related diseases. |
Q. Critically comment on the lifestyle diseases and their impact on human health. (15M—2024)
Q. Describe the impact of infectious diseases on indigenous populations. 15M (2020)
Q. Critically examine the demographic and epidemiological consequences with rise in food production and sedentism. 15M (2020)
Q. Narrate evolution of disease and major causes of ill health in human populations. 15M (2018)
Q. Describe the scope of Epidemiological Anthropology in the study of infectious and noninfectious diseases. 20M (2016)
Q. Epidemiological Anthropology 10M (2014)
Q. Discuss the role of anthropology in the understanding of health and disease. What specific understanding is available with respect to infectious and noninfectious diseases? 20M (2014)
Q. What is meant by epidemiological transition? Elaborate upon its causes and consequence highlighting major health problems of our adult population today. 15M (2013)
Q. Epidemiological anthropology. 12M (2012)
Q. Briefly discuss the important causes for the variations in occurrence and Intensity of parasitic disease among different populations 20M (2012)
Q. Social concept of disease & Nutritional Anthropology (1996)
Q. Nutritional ecology (1996) |
|
10. Concept of human growth and development: stages of growth - pre-natal, natal, infant, childhood, adolescence, maturity, senescence. - Factors affecting growth and development genetic, environmental, biochemical, nutritional, cultural and socioeconomic. - Ageing and senescence. Theories and observations - biological and chronological longevity. Human physique and somatotypes. Methodologies for growth studies. |
Q. What is mixed—longitudinal method of studying human growth? Discuss its merits and
Q. Human adolescent growth spurt. 10M (2021)
Q. Discuss the physiological and evolutionary theories of aging . 15M (2021)
Q. Secular trend in human growth can be positive negative or neutral. Illustrate with examples. 20M (2020)
Q. Senescence. 10M (2020)
Q. Genetico-environmental factors affecting human growth 10M (2019)
Q. Discuss the methods of studying human growth with their merits and demerits. 15M (2019)
Q. Issues of Elderly and Senescence in Developing and Developed Countries. 10M (2018)
Q. Discuss Sheldon’s method of somatotyping. 15M (2017)
Q. Describe the various methods of studying growth highlighting their merits and demerits. 15M (2017)
Q. Discuss different factors affecting growth and development in human beings. 20M (2016)
Q. What is an Anthropometric Somatotype? Describe Heath & Carter’s method of Somatotyping.
Q. Longitudinal method of studying growth 10M (2015)
Q. What are the different stages of Growth? Describe any one of them in detail. 20M (2014)
Q. Discuss Ageing and Senescence. Describe either the biological or social theories of Ageing. 20M (2014)
Q. Cross-sectional methods of studying human growth 10M (2014)
Q. Ageing and Senescence 10M (2013)
Q. Justify "Though human growth is under tight genetic control but it is influenced by various environmental factors." 15M (2013)
Q. Differentiation between Child Growth and Development. 10M (2013)
Q. Explain any to biological theories of ageing based on purposeful events. 20M (2012)
Q. Describe different methods of studying human growth. 30M (2011)
Q. Define Somatotype. Describe the salient features of Somatotype. 30M (2011)
Q. Senescence and socio-economics in contemporary times. 15M (2010)
Q. Distinguish between ‘chronological age’ and ‘biological age’ 20M (2009)
Q. Differentiate between ‘growth’ and ‘development’. List the factors affecting human growth and
Q. Discuss the theories of ‘Ageing’ 40M (2009)
Q. Describe various methods of studying human growth, specifying merits & demerits. (2006)
Q. Life table (2006)
Q. Life table (2005)
Q. Critically discuss the factors affecting human growth & development. (2005)
Q. Critically examine the role of nutritional, socio-economic & cultural factors on human growth and development (2004)
Q. Differentiate between human growth & development and describe the — various stages of human growth. (2003)
Q. Differentiate between human growth & development and describe the — various stages of human growth. (2003)
Q. Methods of study of human growth. (2002)
Q. Define growth & maturation and discuss the different factors affecting them. (2001)
Q. What is meant by physical growth norms? How are these made and how do they depict and growth status of a population? (1999)
Q. Growth Curves (1998)
Q. Senescence (1995)
Q. Describe the patterns of human growth and development from birth to maturity. (1995)
Q. Discuss the effect of nutrition and inbreeding on growth & development. (1991)
Q. Describe the stages of human physical growth and development and discuss. The effect of nutrition and inbreeding on growth and development. (1991)
Q. Describe methods of studying growth and physical development of children. (1990)
Q. Discuss the role of hormonal & nutritional factors on human growth & development. (1990)
Q. Give a short account of the present - day growth studies in India. (1985) |
|
11.1 Relevance of menarche, menopause and other bioevents to fertility. Fertility patterns and differentials. |
Q. Menopausal symptoms. (10M----2023)
Q. Age at menarche. 10M (2017)
Q. Menopause and its impact. 10M (2015)
Q. Discuss the relevance of menarche, menopause & other bio events to fertility. 15M (2014)
Q. Bioevents of fertility. (2008)
Q. Menarche and Menopause (2001) |
|
11.2 Demographic theories- biological, social and cultural. |
Q. Discuss the contemporary population problems in the light of various socio-cultural demographic theories. (20M—2022)
Q. Demographic transition 10M (2013)
Q. Demographic transition (2007) |
|
11.3 Biological and socio-ecological factors influencing fecundity, fertility, natality and mortality. |
Q. Discuss the bio-social determinants of fertility and fecundity. 15M (2021)
Q. Discuss the biological factors influencing fertility in light of the relationship between fecundity and fertility. 15M (2019)
|
|
12. Applications of Anthropology: Anthropology of sports, Nutritional anthropology, Anthropology in designing of defence and other equipments, Forensic Anthropology, Methods and principles of personal identification and reconstruction, Applied human genetics – Paternity diagnosis, genetic counseling and eugenics, DNA technology in diseases and medicine, serogenetics and cytogenetics in reproductive biology. |
Q. Discuss the applications of forensic anthropology with suitable examples. (15M—2024)
Q. How are the cases of disputed paternity solved? Discuss the recent techniques 15M (2021)
Q. What is Anthropometry? Discuss its role in assessing and the nutritional status and sports capability of a person 15M (2021)
Q. What are the applications of human genomic research in human welfare? 15M (2020)
Q. Ethics and Genetic Engineering. 10M (2020)
Q. Anthropological inputs in facial reconstruction 10M (2019)
Q. ‘Applied human genetics has come to touch every sphere of human life’. Discuss in light of recent advances in molecular anthropology. 15M (2019)
Q. What are the methods of personal identifications? Critically examine how personal identification helps in criminal investigations. 20M (2017)
Q. Describe the role of Anthropology in designing defence and other equipment. 15M (2016)
Q. Forensic Anthropology 10M (2016)
Q. DNA Technology in Medicine 10M (2015)
Q. Elucidate the role of Anthropology in selecting and monitoring of Sports persons. 15M (2015)
Q. Forensic Science can help in Criminal Investigations. Discuss. 20M (2015)
Q. Application of anthropometry in designing 12M (2012)
Q. Briefly discuss the applications of the knowledge of Human Osteology in forensic investigations. 20M (2012)
Q. Personal Identification 15M (2011)
Q. Discuss the application of anthropological knowledge in designing equipment. 30M (2011)
Q. Explain the Anthropological knowledge in genetic counseling, forensic science, sports, nutrition. 30M (2011)
Q. Role of forensic anthropology in the field of personal identification. 15M (2010)
Q. Analyse the various applications of anthropological knowledge to solve Medico-legal problems and in the reconstruction of evidence. 60M (2009)
Q. Discuss the role of anthropology n designing defence and other equipment’s. (2008)
Q. Briefly describe various applications of Physical Anthropology (2007)
Q. Forensic Anthropology (2007)
Q. Personal identification (2006)
Q. Nutritional Anthropology (2005)
Q. Discuss the areas in which the knowledge of human genetics can be applied. (2004)
Q. Anthropology of sports (2004)
Q. Eugenics (2003)
Q. Forensic Anthropology (2003)
Q. What do you understand by Applied Physical Anthropology? Discuss The applications of anthropometry in designing defence and other equipment’s. (2003)
Q. Evaluate the role of Serogenetics & Cytogenetics in reproductive biology. (2001)
Q. Discuss the relevance of human DNA Profiling and Gene Mapping in the prevention and cure of diseases. (2001)
Q. Discuss the application of human genetics in the field of forensic science and diagnosis and treatment of genetic disorders. (1999)
Q. Discuss the recent developments in genetic techniques and c0mment upon their potential social significance. (1997)
Q. Anthropology of sports (1997)
Q. Forensic Anthropology (1997)
Q. Discuss the concepts of eugenics and euphemics and their potential applications to human welfare (1996) |
Anthropology PYQ Paper 2 Topic-Wise Marks Distribution
| Topics | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
1.1 Evolution of the Indian Culture and Civilization |
25 |
30 |
25 |
25 |
40 |
40 |
65 |
25 |
55 |
45 |
50 |
50 |
|
1.2 Palaeo—Anthropological evidences |
10 |
15 |
15 |
35 |
15 |
15 |
10 |
10 |
15 |
15 |
25 |
0 |
|
1.3 Ethno‐archaeology |
0 |
15 |
0 |
10 |
25 |
10 |
10 |
15 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
2. Demographic profile of India |
0 |
25 |
20 |
25 |
30 |
25 |
10 |
25 |
15 |
25 |
25 |
15 |
|
3.1 The structure of traditional Indian social system |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
10 |
10 |
10 |
0 |
10 |
20 |
20 |
0 |
|
3.2 Caste system in India |
25 |
55 |
35 |
45 |
0 |
45 |
0 |
60 |
20 |
15 |
45 |
15 |
|
3.3 Sacred Complex & MNS |
35 |
15 |
10 |
0 |
10 |
20 |
0 |
0 |
20 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
3.4 Impact of Buddhism, Jainism, Islam and Christianity |
10 |
15 |
10 |
10 |
20 |
20 |
15 |
20 |
0 |
15 |
25 |
0 |
|
4. Emergence, growth and development of anthropology in India |
35 |
20 |
15 |
35 |
20 |
15 |
35 |
35 |
35 |
20 |
35 |
75 |
|
5.1 Indian Village |
55 |
0 |
35 |
35 |
35 |
35 |
35 |
35 |
30 |
35 |
0 |
10 |
|
5.2 Linguistic and religious minorities |
0 |
0 |
15 |
0 |
15 |
10 |
0 |
30 |
15 |
10 |
0 |
10 |
|
5.3 Indigenous and exogenous processes of socio-cultural change in Indian society |
0 |
10 |
30 |
15 |
30 |
20 |
45 |
10 |
25 |
10 |
20 |
15 |
|
6.1 Tribal situation in India |
40 |
10 |
10 |
20 |
35 |
65 |
0 |
0 |
10 |
0 |
20 |
30 |
|
6.2 Problems of the tribal Communities |
10 |
15 |
15 |
0 |
30 |
0 |
10 |
50 |
45 |
35 |
0 |
50 |
|
6.3 Developmental projects and their impact |
40 |
10 |
15 |
40 |
0 |
30 |
15 |
0 |
40 |
0 |
15 |
15 |
|
7.1 Problems of exploitation and deprivation of SC, ST |
15 |
20 |
25 |
40 |
25 |
0 |
15 |
30 |
10 |
25 |
25 |
20 |
|
7.2 Social change and contemporary tribal societies |
15 |
20 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
10 |
15 |
15 |
15 |
15 |
|
7.3 The concept of ethnicity |
10 |
30 |
10 |
10 |
10 |
15 |
30 |
10 |
15 |
20 |
15 |
0 |
|
8.1 Impact of Hinduism, Buddhism, Christianity, Islam and other religions on tribal |
0 |
10 |
15 |
15 |
10 |
0 |
15 |
15 |
15 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
8.2 Tribe and nation state |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
9.1 History of administration of tribal areas |
50 |
45 |
45 |
15 |
35 |
15 |
45 |
0 |
15 |
70 |
40 |
35 |
|
9.2 Role of Anthropology |
25 |
20 |
15 |
15 |
15 |
20 |
0 |
20 |
0 |
15 |
15 |
0 |
|
9.3 Contributions of anthropology |
0 |
0 |
20 |
10 |
0 |
0 |
10 |
20 |
0 |
10 |
0 |
45 |
Anthropology Paper 2 Topic-Wise PYQs
| Topic | Questions |
|---|---|
|
1.1 Evolution of the Indian Culture and Civilization — Prehistoric (Palaeolithic, Mesolithic, Neolithic and Neolithic Chalcolithic). Protohistoric (Indus Civilization): PreHarappan, Harappan and post-Harappan cultures. Contributions of tribal cultures to Indian civilization. |
Q. Origin of State Societies (10M---2024)
Q. Critically describe evidences from Rakhi Garhi and its linkages to Harappan civilization. (20M-2024)
Q. Describe the important Paleolithic sites from South India with suitable examples. What is the significance of South Indian Paleolithic cultures? (20M---2024)
Q. Prehistoric rock art from Uttarakhand. (10M---2023)
Q. Material culture and archaeology. (10M---2023)
Q. Was Mesolithic culture the first step towards sedentary way of life? Illustrate your answer by citing suitable examples. (15M—2023)
Q. Indus valley was the first settlement of the big civilization. Comment critically. (15M—2023)
Q. Pit-dwellers of Kashmir. (10M---2022)
Q. Make a critical appraisal of Megalithic tradition in India with special reference to North-East India. (20M---2022)
Q. Describe briefly the proto-history of Gujarat. Discuss the significance of Gujarat proto-history in international trade. (15M---2022)
Q. Harappan Seals 10M (2021)
Q. Cultural diversity and multi-culturalism. 10M (2021)
Q. Give the distribution and characteristic features of Upper Paleo-lithic culture in India. 15M (2021)
Q. Critically discuss the origin of Indus Valley Civilization. Mention the evidences of its endogenous origin from the pre-Harappan sites 20M (2021)
Q. Discuss the characteristic features of Neolithic-culture in India. 20M (2020)
Q. Discuss the Contributions of V.N.Misra to archaeological anthropology in India. 15M (2020)
Q. Contributions of Robert Bruce Foote to Indian archaeology. 10M (2020)
Q. Debates on Aryan invasion. 10M (2020)
Q. Distribution of neolithic sites in India. 10M (2020)
Q. Describe the palaeolithic culture with special reference to Soanian tradition. Indicate the problems of describe the Indian palaeolithic 20M (2019)
Q. What has been the contributions of tribal people to the Indian independence movement. 15M (2019)
Q. What kind of society may be reconstructed from the archaeological evidences of Harappan culture. 20M (2019)
Q. Examine the regional variations of Mesolithic cultures of India. 20M (2018)
Q. Explain the contribution of tribal cultures to Indian civilization. 20M (2018)
Q. Neolithic cultures of south India. 10M (2017)
Q. Describe the salient features of chalcolithic cultures of the deccan. 15M (2017)
Q. Describe various aspects of trade and religion of Harappan civilization.15M (2017)
Q. Give the detail appraisal of skeletal remains from chalcolithic culture of undivided Punjab. 20M (2016)
Q. Mesolithic findings from Belan valley. 10M (2016)
Q. South Indian paleoliths 10M (2015)
Q. Prehistoric Rock art of central India. 10M (2015)
Q. Discuss the significance of Harappan civilization sites from India. 15M (2015)
Q. Neolithic cultures of NE India. 10M (2014)
Q. Describe what is known of Harappan Religion. Have some of its elements continued into later Hinduism? Discuss. 20M (2014)
Q. Discuss salient features of Mesolithic culture in India with special reference to western India. 10M (2013)
Q. Indian Paleolithic culture can neither be conceived chronologically homogenous nor as a uniform cultural phase. Discuss. 15M (2013)
Q. Discuss the significance of study of religious centres to the understanding of Indian civilization. 20M (2013)
Q. Soan culture. 12M (2012)
Q. Paleolithic Art. 12M (2012)
Q. Compare the salient features and distribution of the Middle Paleolithic and Upper Paleolithic cultures in India. Add a note on the tool traditions of the Upper Paleolithic period. 30M (2012)
Q. Iron age in Gangetic region 15M (2011)
Q. Soan culture. 30M (2011)
Q. Describe the characteristic feature of Mesolithic cultures in India? 30M (2011)
Q. Neolithic Culture in India 15M (2010)
Q. Urban Planning in Harappan Culture 15M (2010)
Q. Comment in detail on the socio-cultural life of the people of the Indus Valley Civilization 30M (2010)
Q. Examine Gorden Childe’s statement ‘Neolithic_Culture is a Revolution 15M (2010)
Q. Examine the contribution of Mesolithic culture to the rise of Neolithic culture 10M (2009)
39. ‘Langhnaj’ (2008)
Q. Neolithic Culture in India (2007)
Q. Burzahom ( 2006)
Q. Mesolithic culture is India (2005)
Q. Discuss the economic basis of Indus Valley Civilization. What were the factors of its decline? (2005)
Q. Typo-technology of Indian Paleolithic culture (2004)
Q. Critically examine the contributions of tribal cultures to the development of Vedic Culture. (2003)
Q. Name a few Chalcolithic sites in India and describe their most salient features. (2002)
Q. Ecological adaptation during Mesolithic. (2001)
Q. Critically examine evidence of Upper Paleolithic in India, Discuss its characteristics. (2001)
Q. Discuss the economic basis of Indus Valley Civilization. What were the factors of its decline? (2000)
Q. Critically examine various sources of India’s Culture & Civilization; also distinguish between primary and secondary civilizations (1999)
Q. Sohanian Tradition (1998)
Q. Describe the socio Cultural characteristics of the Neolithic period in India with suitable examples (1998)
Q. Discuss the Cultural characteristics of upper Paleolithic period. Indicate its genesis anddevelopment in Indian context pointing to Distribution and chronology (1996)
Q. Genesis of Urbanization in India (1995)
Q. Point out the salient features of middle Paleolithic industries and their markers. Illustrate your answer with examples from India. (1994)
Q. Discuss the economic basis of Indus Valley Civilization. What were the factors of its decline? (1994)
Q. Neolithic Culture in India (1992)
Q. What are the important features of Indus valley civilization? Examine the conditions that may have led to urbanization in the lndus Region. (1990)
Q. Indus Valley Civilization is regarded as the beginning of urban life in India. Discuss (1989) |
|
1.2 Palaeo – Anthropological evidences from India with special reference to Siwaliks and Narmada basin (Ramapithecus, Sivapithecus & Narmada Man). |
Q. Ramapithecus-Sivapithecus debate. (10M---2023)
Q. Discuss the morphological features and phylogenetic position of Ramapithecus. 15M (2021)
Q. Narmada man. 10M (2020)
Q. Discuss the morphological features and phylogenetic position of Ramapithecus 10M (2019)
Q. Describe the salient features of Sivapithecus. 15M (2018)
Q. Discuss the salient features of Ramapithecus.15M (2017)
Q. Delineate the salient characteristics of ‘Narmada man’ and examine its phylogentic significance. 15M (2016)
Q. Describe the Paleoanthropological fossil finds from Siwalik Hills. Examine the contribution of Siwalik fossils to paleoanthropological knowledge. 15M (2015)
Q. Describe the evolutionary significance of the fossil finds of the Narmada Basin. 15M (2014)
Q. Examine the debates related to Ramapithecus. 10M (2013)
Q. Narmada Man. 12M (2012)
Q. Sivapithecus 15M (2010)
Q. Importance of Siwaliks in Anthropology 20M (2009)
Q. Paleoanthroplogical significance of Narmada Man (2008)
Q. Home erectus narmadensis (1993) |
|
1.3 Ethno-archaeology in India: The concept of ethno-archaeology; Survivals and Parallels among the hunting, foraging, fishing, pastoral & peasant communities Including arts and crafts producing communities. |
Q. Discuss the importance of ethnoarchaeology in reconstructing the past citing Indian examples. 15M (2020)
Q. Ethno-archaeological analysis of hunting activities of contemporary tribal communities. 10M (2019)
Q. Ethno-archaeology as a research strategy. 10M (2018)
Q. Ethno-archaeology. 10M (2017)
Q. Discuss the relevance of art and craft traditions in the understanding of Indian archaeology. 15M (2017)
Q. Ethno-archaeological evidences for the survival of hunting-gathering traditions. 10M (2016)
Q. Discuss the importance of the ethno-archaeological approach to the study of indigenous craft in India. 15M (2014)
Q. Colonial Ethnography. 12M (2012)
Q. New Archaeology 20M (2009)
Q. Concept Ethno-archaeology (2008) |
|
2. Demographic profile of India: Ethnic and linguistic elements in the Indian population and their distribution. Indian population – factors influencing its structure & growth. |
Q. What are the demographic challenges of India’s changing population dynamics in the next 50 years? (15 M 2024)
Q. Dravidian languages and their subgroups. (10 M (2020)
Q. Critically compare Risley's and Sarkar's approaches to the classification of peoples of India. (15M---2023)
Q. Describe the methods adopted by Sir Herbert Hope Risley in classifying Indian populations. What are the criticisms against Risley’s classification? (15M—2022)
Q. Austroasiatic languages. (10M—2022)
Q. Delineate the factors influencing fertility in Indian population 15Marks (2021)
Q. Dravidian languages. 10M (2020)
Q. Distribution of Tibeto-Burman group of languages in India. 10M (2019)
Q. What are the various factors influencing population growth in India? Discuss. 15M (2018)
Q. Endangered Languages. 10M (2018)
Q. Austro-Asiatic linguistic groups in India. 10M (2017)
Q. Give your assessment of the reason for the imbalance in the sex-ratio in India. 20M (2017)
Q. Short notes on linguistic elements in Indian population. 10M (2016)
Q. Briefly describe the classical model of ethnic and linguistic classifications of Indian population. Discuss its relevance today. 15M (2015)
Q. Outline the distribution of Dravidian languages in India and describe their cultural significance. 15M (2014)
Q. Major linguistic divisions of India 10M (2014)
Q. Contribution of H. H. Risley to the ‘Aryan’ debate 10M (2014)
Q. Describe the linguistic elements in Indian population? 15M (2011)
Q. Critically examine the factors responsible for the high population growth in India and suggest suitable measures for population Control. (30 + 15)M (2010)
Q. Discuss the relevance of Guha’s racial classification in the context of India’s ethnic groups. 15M (2010)
Q. Mediterranean element in Indian Population (2008)
Q. The distribution of Indo-Aryan Languages (2008)
Q. Is Risley’s Racial Classification of Indian Population valid? Critically discuss with the help of suitable examples. (2008)
Q. Describe Ethnic elements in the Indian Population focusing either on Risley’s or Guha’s classification. (2007)
Q. Write in brief about the population growth of India, indicating its causes and measures of its control. (2006)
Q. Demographic transition in India (2004)
Q. Bring out the inter relationship between population growth and development in the Indian context. (2004)
Q. Age specific and sex specific mortality rates and dependent factors. (2002)
Q. Discuss the major linguistic divisions in the India population. Also point out the role of language in ethno-political movements (1996)
Q. Social implications of sex ratio in Indian population (1995)
Q. What are the major linguistic families in India? Identify such families showing the geographical distribution and the population Groups under different families. (1993)
Q. Controversy over the existence of Negrito racial strain in Indian population. (1992)
Q. Discuss the relevance of Guha’s racial classification in the context of India’s ethnic groups. (1991)
Q. Outline the distribution of Dravidian languages in India and describe their cultural significance. (1990)
Q. Distribution of Austric family of languages in India. (1989) |
|
3.1 The structure and nature of traditional Indian Social System: Varnashram, Purushartha, Karma, Rina & Rebirth |
Q. Karma and Rebirth. (10M---2023)
Q. Interface between Purushartha and Ashrama. (10M---2023)
Q. Varna and Buddhism. (10M---2022)
Q. Dharma versus Religion. (10M---2022)
Q. Purushartha and righteous living today. 10M (2021)
Q. Use of karma and rebirth in justifying the varna system. 10M (2019)
Q. Philosophy behind Purusharthas. 10M (2018)
4) Varnashram and concept of rina. 10M (2018)
Q. Philosophy behind Purushartha 15M (2011)
Q. Purusharthas (2007)
Q. Karma (2006)
Q. Varnashrama (2005)
Q. Significance of Purushartha (2003)
Q. Concept of Rina and Rebirth (2002)
Q. Concept of Karma in relation to caste (2000)
Q. Describe salient features of traditional joint family system in India. Trace causes for its disintegration in recent decades. (1999)
Q. Discuss the basis of Indian Social System. Do you find any change today? (1998)
Q. Examine joint family role in Hindu Social System & its impact on caste system. (1997)
Q. Concept of Rina and Rebirth (1997)
Q. Importance of Karma in Hindu Social System (1996)
Q. Explain the concept of ‘Rina’ according to the Hindu scriptures. What were the mechanisms Suggested by the scholars to repay the ‘Rina’? (1995)
Q. Describe the major purusharthas according to Hindu Scriptures and discuss the social significance of harmonious management of ‘Trivarga’ (1994)
Q. Social significance of Grihasta ashram. (1994)
Q. Structure and functions of joint family (1992)
Q. Structure and functions of joint family (1989) |
|
3.2 Caste system in India- structure and characteristics, Varna and caste, Theories of origin of caste system, Dominant caste, Caste mobility, Future of caste system, Jajmani system, Tribe- caste continuum. |
Q. Discuss the theories on origin of caste system and its criticism in India. Differentiate between caste, class and race. (15M---2024)
Q. Relevance of tribe-caste continuum 10M (2021)
Q. Caste and social capital 10M (2021)
Q. Concept of dominant caste. 10M (2020)
Q. Explain the reasons of caste violence in India with suitable examples. 20M (2020)
Q. Discuss the characteristics of caste system in India. 20M (2020)
Q. The jajmani system and contemporary market economy. 10M (2019).
Q. Explain the significance of tribe-caste continuum in the present context. 15M (2018)
Q. Discuss the view that caste is not social stratification, but a system of hierarchy. 15M (2018)
Q. Based on historical and contemporary evidences discuss the future of caste system in India. 15M (2018)
Q. Discuss the impact of market economy on the Jajmani system. 20M (2017)
Q. Examine the structural and cultural cultural theories of caste system in India. 20M (2016)
Q. Relevance of caste in contemporary Indian politics. 10M (2016)
Q. What do you understand by the dynamics of Caste mobility? How did the concept of Sanskritization contribute to its functionality? 20M (2015)
Q. Critically examine the concept of Tribe – Caste continuum and its relevance in contemporary
Q. Define the concept ‘Dominant Caste’ and examine its relevance in the contemporary Indian
Q. Do you think caste persists in contemporary India? Critically discuss. 15M (2014)
Q. Tribe Caste continuum 10M (2014)
Q. Discuss how Louis Dumont explained caste system. 10M (2013)
Q. What is Jajmani system? Examine the views on Jajmani system as an egalitarian as well as exploitative system. Give reasons for its decline. 25M 2013)
Q. Examine the criticisms on the concept of dominant caste. 15M (2013)
Q. Critically examine the prevalence of caste ideology among religious minorities in the Indian context. 30M (2012)
Q. Critically examine the ‘book view’ and the ‘field view’ of social reality. 20M (2012)
Q. Gender and Customary Law. 10M (2012)
Q. Gender and Caste. 10M (2012)
Q. Critically examine the theories of Origin of Castes. 15M (2011)
Q. Define the concept ‘Dominant Caste’ and examine its relevance in the contemporary Indian
Q. Examine the role of the caste system in the present political context. 15M (2010)
Q. Is the present political System strengthening the caste system? Discuss. 15M (2010)
Q. Discuss the salient features of the prevalent hypotheses on the future of the caste system in India 30M (2009)
Q. Bring out the various features and the importance of the "Dominant Caste" Concept 20M (2009)
Q. Is Tribe-Caste Continuum a reality or myth? Discuss. (2008)
Q. Jajmani System (2007)
Q. Tribe Caste continuum. (2004)
Q. Caste as a pattern of social stratification (2003)
Q. Define the Jajmani system. Analyze the changes in the relationship between caste and occupation in contemporary Rural Society (2000)
Q. Jajmani System (1998)
Q. Significance of Varna and Caste (1997)
Q. Distinguish between Varna and Caste (1995)
Q. Caste bound occupations Vis-a-Vis Urban professions (1993)
Q. Concept of caste as a hierarchical system based on the opposition between "pure and impure". (1991)
Q. Discuss the essential features of the caste system in India. Critically examine its role in the changing social context in contemporary times. (1990)
Q. Concept of purity and caste system (1989)
Q. Caste as a pattern of social stratification (1989) |
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3.3 Sacred Complex & Nature- Man- Spirit Complex |
Q. Explain the impact of the concept of nature man-spirit complex on sustainable use of natural resources with suitable examples 20M (2021)
Q. Critically examine the contributions of Makhan Jha and B. N. Saraswati to the study of sacred complexes in India. 20M (2018)
Q. Write short notes on Nature- Man- Spirit Complex. 10M (2017)
Q. Sacred complex as a dimension of Indian civilization 10M (2015)
Q. Describe the concept of ‘Sacred Complex’ with an ethnographic example. 15M (2014)
Q. Examine Nature-man-spirit complex as an ecological concept. 15M (2013)
Q. Sacred Geography. 12M (2012)
Q. Nature-Man-Spirit Complex 20M (2009)
Q. Sacred Complex (2005)
Q. Trace the broad unifying features of traditional Hindu Society in the anthropological perspective (2004)
Q. Maler's perception of the habitat. (1996) |
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3.4 Impact of - Buddhism, Jainism, Islam and Christianity on Indian society. |
Q. Religious pluralism and social solidarity. (10M---2023)
Q. Discuss the impact of Islam on Indian society. 20M (2020)
Q. Explain the impact of Buddhism and Jainism on Indian society. 20M (2018)
Q. Discuss the social, political and economic status of Muslims in India. 15M (2017)
Q. Explain how Buddhism influenced the economic and cultural transformations of Indian society. 20M (2017)
Q. Impact of Jainism on Indian society. 10M (2016)
Q. Islam and Matriliny. 10M (2015)
Q. Discuss the contribution of Islam to the composite culture of India. 15M (2014)
Q. Describe what is known of Harappan Religion. Have some of its elements continued into later Hinduism? Discuss. 20M (2014)
Q. Sufi tradition of Islam. 10M (2013)
Q. Impact of Islam on Indian Society. (2005)
Q. Evaluate the impact of Buddhism Jainism, Islam and Christianity on Indian Society and culture in anthropological terms. (2003)
Q. Account for the emergence of new religions in India in the 6th century B.C. (1998) |
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4. Emergence and growth of anthropology in India: Contributions of the 18th, 19th and early 20th Century scholar-administrators. Contributions of Indian anthropologists to tribal and caste studies. |
Q. Digitisation of rural economy. (10M---2024)
Q. Examine the contributions of S. C. Roy in highlighting the role of customary laws in tribal life. 15M (2021)
Q. Discuss the contributions of N. K. Bose in understanding tribal communities and their place in Indian civilization 20M (2021)
Q. Contributions of K.S.Singh to Indian anthropology. 10M (2020)
Q. Write about the role of colonial administration in the development of anthropology in India. 15M (2019)
Q. Give an account of the contributions of Iravati Karve and B.S.Guha to the analysis of caste and race in India. 20M (2019)
Q. Discuss the contribution of S. C Roy in the study of tribal cultures in India. 15M (2018)
Q. Compare and contrast the economic typology of tribes given by different anthropologists. 20M (2018)
Q. Discuss the contribution of Nirmal Kumar Bose to the understanding of Indian society. 20M (2017)
Q. Discuss the contribution of MN Srinivas to the study of Indian society. Examine the influence of British social anthropologists on his ideas. 15M (2015)
Q. Discuss the contributions of S. C. Roy to understanding the tribes of India. 20M (2014)
Q. Examine the anthropological contributions dealing with tribes and Indian civilization. 20M (2013)
Q. Discuss the contributions of H. D. Sankalia to prehistoric anthropology in India. 20M (2013)
Q. Assess the contributions of early 20th century ethnographic tradition to Indian anthropology.
Q. Trace the trajectory of encyclopedic works on tribes and castes of South India with special Reference to Ananthakrishna Iyer’s contribution. 20M (2012)
Q. Compare the contributions of S.C. Roy and Verrier Elwin to tribal ethnographies in India. 20M (2012)
Q. Evaluate the contribution of American anthropologists to Indian anthropology. 30M (2011)
Q. Assess the contribution of Varrier Elwin to Indian anthropology. 15M (2011)
Q. Assess the contributions of M.N. Srinivas towards Indian Anthropology in general. Add a note on his understanding in the context of studying social mobility in India, 30M (2010)
Q. Write a brief note on the contributions of Prof., LP. Vidyarthi in the field of anthropology. 20M (2009)
Q. Highlight the Contributions of Indian Anthropologists in the understanding of tribal life. (2007)
Q. N.K.Bose’s contributions to Indian Anthropology (2006)
Q. Initial period of tribal studies in India (2006)
Q. Briefly discuss the contributions of Indian Anthropologists during 20th Century to Anthropology. (2006)
Q. Give an account of the contributions of Indian scholars in the growth and development of Anthropology in India in early 20th century. (2005)
Q. Tribe and peasant similarities and differences (2003)
Q. Critically examine the contributions of some of the British Scholar administrators to Indian Anthropology. (2002)
Q. Action Anthropology (2001)
Q. V.EIwin and his contributions (1998)
Q. Assess the growth and development of Anthropology in India. Illustrate the contribution of early 20th century Anthropologists in Tribal Caste studies. (1997)
Q. Estimate the contributions of S.C. Roy in the field of Ethnography and his influence on the growth of Anthropology in India. (1996)
Q. Discuss the major contributions of Von.Furer Haimendorf to Indian Anthropology. (1995) |
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5.1 Indian Village: Significance of village study in India; Indian village as a social system; Traditional and changing patterns of settlement and inter-caste relations; Agrarian relations in Indian villages; Impact of globalization on Indian villages. |
Q. Digitisation of rural economy. (10M---2024)
Q. Functionalism and Politics in rural India. 10M (2021)
Q. Explain how structural transformation in economy is affecting traditional social relationships in agrarian society. 20M (2021)
Q. Describe the different settlement patterns in rural India. 20M (2020)
Q. Discuss the impact of globalization on Indian villages. 15M (2020)
Q. Identify the theoretical concepts that have emerged out of village studies in India. 20M (2019)
Q. Panchayati raj as a facilitator of social change in rural society. 15M (2019)
Q. Discuss the impact of media on the social life of Indian villages. 15M (2019)
Q. Describe the impact of industrialization on the economic and social aspects of India’s villages. 15M (2019)
Q. Discuss the impact of market economy on rural villages. 15M (2018)
Q. Agrarian social structure. 10M (2018)
Q. Examine the colonial administrators’ view that Indian villages can be considered as ‘little republics. 15M (2018)
Q. Give a critical evaluation of any one anthropological village study in India. 15M (2017)
Q. Examine nature of interplay of little and great traditions in the context of globalization.
Q. Explain Indian village as a social system with example. 20M (2016)
Q. Describe the traditional patterns of settlement of Indian villages. 20M (2016)
Q. Examine the contribution of village studies towards the understanding of Indian social system. 20M (2015)
Q. Discuss the impact of Globalization on Village economy in India. 15M (2015)
Q. Examine the impacts of green revolution on rural poor. 15M (2013)
Q. Indian farmers are not slow to react to economic opportunities. Discuss this statement. 15M (2013)
Q. How has globalization impacted agrarian relations in the last two decades? 20M (2012)
Q. Indegenous knowledge. 12M (2012)
Q. Participatory Rural Appraisal. 12M (2012)
Q. Discuss contributions of S.C. Dube towards understanding of the Indian village. 15M (2010)
Q. Describe the significant contributions of village studies in India to the understanding of social transformations. 60M (2009)
Q. Globalization and Indian Peasantry (2004)
Q. Analyze how the village Studies contributed in understanding the Indian social system. (2004)
Q. Green Revolution and its economic and ecological dimensions? (2002)
Q. Village Studies in India. (2002)
Q. Explain criteria for dominant caste. How far is this concept still crucial to our understanding of India’s villages after implementation of Reservation in democratic institutions? Discuss. (2001)
Q. Village Studies are crucial to the understanding of Indian life and culture. Who were the pioneer anthropologists to undertake such Studies? Give a comprehensive Picture of any one of them. (1998)
Q. Child mortality in rural areas (1996)
Q. Forms of labour bondage in Indian Agriculture (1991)
Q. What is the notion of folk urban continuum in the study of peasant society? Is it applicable to Indian conditions? (1991)
Q. Discuss the major concepts and approaches employed by the anthropologists in the study of peasant society in India. (1990)
Q. Peasant Society (1985) |
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5.2 Linguistic and Religious minorities and their Social, Political & Economic status |
Q. Syro-Malabar Christians. (10M---2024)
Q. Discuss the constitutional safeguards for religious minorities in India. 15M (2021)
Q. What are the social and political problems of religious minorities in India. 20M (2020)
Q. Linguistic minorities in India. 10M (2020)
Q. Discuss the problems faced by religious minorities in India. 15M (2015)
Q. What are the issues and socio-economic problems arising out of being a religious minority? Discuss. (2007)
Q. Linguistic distribution of Indian population. (2006)
Q. “Linguistic and religious minorities are particularly vulnerable to political manipulation”. Comment. (2005)
Q. Discuss the socio-economic status of religious minorities in India. Identify their role in politics. (2003)
Q. Distinguish between characteristics and problems of linguistic and religious minorities in India. Give examples of conflicts generated by such considerations and steps to resolve them. (2000)
Q. Special provisions for minorities (1993)
Q. State should protect the personal laws of religious minorities. Discuss with reference to the problem of national integration. (1991) |
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5.3 Indigenous and exogenous processes of socio-cultural change in Indian society: Sanskritization, Westernization, Modernization; Inter-play of little and great traditions; Panchayati raj and social change; Media and social change. |
Q. Compare and contrast the approaches of M.N.Srinivas and L.P. Vidyarthi to social change in village India. (15M-2024)
Q. Ethnic media and social. 10M (2021)
Q. Discuss the role of Panchayat Raj Institutions in transforming traditional power hierarchy in rural India. 15M (2021)
Q. Concept of Sanskritization. 10M (2020)
Q. Khap panchayat. 10M (2020)
Q. Discuss how the elements of little and great traditions combine in the emergence of social/political/religious movements giving any one example to illustrate the issue. 20M (2019)
Q. Impact of Panchayati raj institutions in rural areas. 10M (2018)
Q. Modernization 10M (2018)
Q. Describe the media as an instrument for social change. 15M (2017)
Q. Discuss the impact of Panchayati raj institution on the empowerment of rural women in India. 15M (2017)
Q. How is process of tribe caste continuum different from Sanskritization. 15M (2016)
Q. What do you understand by the dynamics of Caste mobility? How did the concept of Sanskritization contribute to its functionality? 20M (2015)
Q. Panchayatiraj institutions and social change. 10M (2015)
Q. Examine the Social implications of media & communication technology 20M (2015)
Q. Great tradition and little tradition 10M (2014)
Q. Critique of the concept of Great and Little Tradition. 15M (2011)
Q. Modernity has entered Indian character and society, but it has done so through assimilation, not replacement.” Discuss. 30M (2011)
Q. Universalization and Parochialization 15M (2010)
Q. Sanskritization as a mode of social change 20M (2009)
Q. What are the various exogenous processes of socio-cultural changes in Indian Society? 20M (2009)
Q. Critically examine concepts of little & Great Traditions for understanding Indian Villages.(2008)
Q. Critically review the process of social changes the contemporary Indian society is undergoing. (2006)
Q. Sanskritization and westernization. (2002)
Q. Great Traditions (1999)
Q. Distinguish between Sanskritization and de - sanskritization. Critically examine the impact of
Q. Universalization and Parochialization (1997)
Q. Great tradition and little tradition (1996)
Q. Do you think that the process of Sanskritization leads to any structural changes in the society? Discuss with reference to the Modern Indian Society. (1994)
Q. Discuss in what way the study of great tradition and little tradition is essential for understanding the cultural processes of Indian Civilization. (1992).
Q. Sanskritization as a mode of social change. (1992)
Q. Relationship between Sanskritization and Westernization as process of socio-cultural change. (1991)
Q. Sanskritization as a factor of social change among the scheduled castes of India. (1990)
Q. ‘Tradition is a single unbroken chain’. Discuss this statement throwing light on the relevance of the use of the terms Great tradition and Little tradition in India in the fields of (a) Religion (b) Kinship and (c) Agriculture. (1987)
Q. Great tradition and little tradition (1987)
Q. Discuss how the concepts of sanskritization & westernization explain the process of change in Indian Society & Culture. (1986)
Q. Universalization and Parochialization. (1985) |
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6.1 Tribal situation in India: Bio-genetic variability, Linguistic & Socio-economic characteristics of tribal populations & their distribution. |
Q. Artisan tribes of Jharkhand. (10M---2024)
Q. Concept of tribe and Indian census 10M (2021)
Q. Elucidate the linguistic classification of Indian tribes. 15M (2020)
Q. What are the salient issues faced by pastoral communities in India? Discuss with suitable examples. 15M (2019)
Q. Distinctive cultural features of tribes of Andaman Islands. 10M (2018)
Q. Tribe and Scheduled Tribe 10M (2018)
Q. Youth dormitory as an institution. 10M (2018)
Q. Compare and contrast the economic typology of tribes given by different anthropologists. 20M (2018)
Q. Bio-genetic variability of Indian tribes 10M (2016)
Q. Tribe as a colonial construct 10M (2016)
Q. Elwin-Ghurye debate on Tribes. 10M (2015)
Q. Socioeconomic characteristics of Shifting cultivators. 10M (2015)
Q. Biogenetic variations of Indian tribes 10M (2014)
Q. Social and economic marginalization of tribal people 10M (2014)
Q. Threat to tribal languages in India. 10M (2013)
Q. Linguistic classification of Indian tribes. 10M (2013)
Q. Discuss the concept of ‘indigenous people’ as per the relevant UN convention. Are tribals of India indigenous people? Comment. 20M (2012)
Q. Discuss the linkages between language, territoriality and kinship among the tribes of North East India. 30M (2012)
Q. Discuss the distinctive features of tribes in North east India. 30M (2011)
Q. “Tribes in India are not homogeneous group.” Discuss. 30M (2011)
Q. Future of Hunting and Gathering Tribes. 15M (2011)
Q. Discuss the relevance of traditional wisdom and knowledge of the tribes with reference to health in the present-day context. 20M (2010)
Q. Do you think that Indian tribes have rich biogenetic variability? Discuss. (2007)
Q. Key characteristics of STs in India (2006)
Q. Discuss the biomorphic variations of Tribes of North Eastern India (2006)
Q. Genetic diversity among Indian Tribes (2005)
Q. Biogenetic variability in tribal populations. (2003)
Q. Linguistic diversity among the tribes of Chota Nagpur. (2002)
Q. Discuss the anthropological approach to the understanding of the tribal ethos and comment on the major socio-economic problem of Indian Tribes. (1990)
Q. Briefly describe the linguistic and socio-economic characteristics of the tribal peoples either (a) Of central India including the Chota Nagpur plateau or (b) of North East India. (1987)
Q. Languages spoken by the scheduled tribes (1986)
Q. Hunting and food gathering tribes of India (1986)
Q. Describe the racial, linguistic and socio-economic characteristics of a tribe of Central India or of South India. (1985) |
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6.2 Problems of the tribal Communities: Land alienation, Poverty, Indebtedness, Low literacy, Poor educational facilities, Unemployment, Health and nutrition, Underemployment |
Q. Causes of stunting and wasting among tribal children. (10M—2024)
Q. Elucidate the problems and challenges in educational attainment of the Scheduled Tribes. 15M (2021)
Q. Examine the factors responsible for malnutrition in tribal India and suggest interventions required to overcome the problem. 15M (2021)
Q. Elucidate the problems of land alienation among tribals of India. 15M (2020)
Q. Issues related to tribal education. 10M (2019)
Q. Write a short note on indebtedness among tribal communities. 10M (2017)
Q. Describe the impact of displacement on the health and nutritional status of the tribal communities. 20M (2017)
Q. Discuss how constitutional provisions in India have built in mechanisms for dealing with the problem of land alienation in tribal areas. 20M (2015)
Q. Discuss the Sociocultural, Economic and Psychological constraints responsible for low literacy in Tribal areas. 15M (2015)
Q. Discuss the impact of land alienation on the tribes of Central India. 15M (2014)
Q. Discuss alternatives for shifting cultivators in the context of ecological costs and humanistic concerns. 20M (2013)
Q. Left-wing extremism and Tribals in India. 15M (2011)
Q. Education and health among tribal Women. 15M (2010)
Q. The problem of bonded Labour among Indian tribes. 15M (2010)
Q. Land and forest are the twin problems of the tribes. Explain. 40M (2010)
Q. Critically examine the various structural constraints in the education development of Scheduled Tribes. 30M (2010)
Q. Write a brief note on the linguistic diversity among Indian tribes. 20M (2009)
Q. Indebtedness in Tribal Communities 20M (2009)
Q. Land Alienation (2007)
Q. Discuss the factors related to low literacy rate among the tribal’s of India. Write in brief the measures taken by the government in different five years plans to eradicate it. (2005)
Q. Land alienation among the tribals. (2003)
Q. Constraints of educational development among the tribals. (2003)
Q. Do you think that exploitation emanates from clash of self-interest between groups? Discuss in the context of tribals and non tribals. (2002)
Q. The problems of de-notified groups (2000)
Q. Tribal education in the context of development (2000)
Q. Land Alienation in Tribal India (1999)
Q. Bring out with suitable examples the constraints of educational development of tribal communities in India. Suggest remedial Measures in this context. (1999)
Q. Discuss the health and nutritional status of tribal and rural children in India. How far has the government policy been effective? (1998)
Q. Shifting cultivation, its merits and demerits (1997)
Q. Describe the Socio-cultural factors related to the poor health Conditions of the Indian tribal population. Suggest measures for improving these conditions. (1995)
Q. Factors responsible for tribal migration and its consequences. (1994)
Q. Shifting cultivation in the context of land use pattern. (1993)
Q. Tribal education (1993)
Q. Indebtedness and land alienation among Indian tribes (1992)
Q. Land and forest are basic needs of tribals (1992)
Q. What are the major problems of the tribals in India? Evaluate the measures adopted by the central and state governments in India to solve these problems. (1992)
Q. Shifting cultivation, its merits and demerits. (1991)
Q. Discuss some major problems of the tribes of India. Make a critical evaluation of the measures adopted by the central and state Governments in India to solve these problems and account for their limited Success. (1989)
Q. Indebtedness and land alienation among Indian tribes. (1986) |
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6.3 Developmental projects and their impact on tribal Displacement and problems of Rehabilitation: Development of forest policy and Tribals. Impact of Urbanization and Industrialization on tribal populations. |
Q. Examine the impact of Forest Policies from 1878 to 2006 on land alienation and deprivation of rights of tribal communities in India. (15M---2024)
Q. Urbanization and tribal Institutions. 10M (2021)
Q. Discuss the impact of Forest Rights Act (2006) on the livelihood and culture of tribal people in India. 20M (2021)
Q. Discuss the problems involved in rehabilitation and resettlement of tribals displaced due to development projects in India. 15M (2021)
Q. Explain the impact of development induced displacement among tribal people in India with
Q. What has been the impact of development projects on the environment and livelihood of forest dwelling tribes? 15M (2019)
Q. Discuss the significance and implementation of ‘Recognition of Forest Right’s Act 2006’. 15M (2018)
Q. Examine the advancement made in the land acquisition and rehabilitation Act of 2013 over the land acquisition Act of 1894. 15M (2018)
Q. Impact of industrialization on schedule tribe population of Jharkhand. 10M (2016)
Q. Explain the difficulties experienced by schedule tribes with regard to implementation of recognition of forest rights act 2006. 15M (2016)
Q. Discuss the impact of Globalization on the livelihood of the tribal populations. 20M (2014)
Q. Forest policy and tribes 10M (2014)
Q. Impacts of sanctuaries and national parks on tribal populations. 10M (2013)
Q. Commodification of Tribal Art. 12M (2012)
Q. Critically examine the National Policy on Rehabilitation and Resettlement substantiating it with experiences from different parts of India. 30M (2012)
Q. Forest Rights Act—2006. 15M (2011)
Q. Discuss the problem of displaced tribal communities with the help of recent examples. 30M (2011)
Q. The impact of Urbanization and Industrialization on tribal women. 15M 2011)
Q. Tribal displacement. 15M (2010)
Q. Critically examine the evaluation of Forest Policy in India since the British period. Discuss its impact on tribals. 60M (2009)
Q. Discuss the health problems faced by tribal populations in India. Suggest some corrective measures. (2008)
Q. Impact of Industrialization on Tribes. (2007)
Q. Joint Forest Management (2006)
Q. Examine the impact of urbanization and industrialization on tribal economy in India. (2005)
Q. Sustainable Development of Tribes (2004)
Q. Discuss the context, process and consequences of involuntary displacement among tribal communities in India and analyse the Problems of rehabilitation. (2004)
Q. Discuss how forest is related to the tribal life. Critically examine how a change in forest policy and forest degradation has affected Tribal economy. (2003)
Q. Indicate the main thrust of anthropological studies on development induced displacement and rehabilitation. Suggest a worthwhile rehabilitation package for displaced tribal’s to retain their sense of community belonging. (2001)
Q. Critically examine the forest policy in India right since the British period. Discuss its impact on tribal people. (1999)
Q. Discuss the problem of tribal displacement in India. To what extent are development policies responsible for such displacement? Also explain the role of NGOs in providing the remedial measures to the affected people. (1999)
Q. Social forestry (1998)
Q. Point out the favourable and detrimental impacts of industrialization on rural population living in the vicinity areas. What are your Proposals for achieving a balance without harmful effects? (1993)
Q. Effects of governmental policy regarding forests on Indian tribes (1991)
Q. Large scale development and distress in tribal regions (1988)
Q. Rapid industrialization may lead to Psychological frustrations. Discuss. (1987)
Q. The impact of industrialization on the tribes of India created for them many problems. Discuss with suitable examples. (1986) |
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7.1 Problems of Exploitation and Deprivation of SCs, STs and OBCs: Constitutional safeguards for SCs and STs. |
Q. Constitutional Safeguards for Backward Classes (10M---2024)
Q. Politics of recognition and deprivation. 10M (2021)
Q. Critically evaluate the state of implementation of constitutional safeguards for the scheduled castes. 15M (2020)
Q. Describe the provisions under VIth schedule of Indian constitution. 15M (2020)
Q. What are the Constitutional safeguards to protect the interests of Indian tribes. 15M (2019)
Q. What has been the impact of non-hindu religions on the emancipation of scheduled castes in India. 15M (2019)
Q. OBCs among non-Hindu communities 10M (2018)
Q. Discuss the constitutional safeguards for the schedule caste. 15M (2017)
Q. Write short notes on other backward class. 10M (2017)
Q. Give a critical appraisal of any one tribal development programme during XII th five year plan. Give suggestion for any improvement in the programme. 15M (2017)
Q. Write in detail various provisions provided by the constitution of India for the schedule tribes under V and VI schedules. 20M (2016)
Q. Examine the factors responsible for exploitation of schedule caste in India. 20M (2016)
Q. Critically compare ‘Affirmative Action’ of USA and ‘Protective discrimination’ for scheduled tribes in India. 15M (2015)
Q. Role of Governor in Fifth Schedule areas. 10M (2015)
Q. Critically examine the constitutional provisions for safeguarding the interests of Scheduled Tribes in India. 20M (2014)
Q. Discuss the Social disabilities suffered by scheduled castes. 15M (2013)
Q. Panchayati Raj and the tribes. 15M (2010)
Q. Fifth Schedule of the Constitution. 20M (2009)
Q. Constitutional safeguards for SCs. (2007)
Q. National Commission for SCs and STs (2004)
Q. Critically examine the merits and demerits of reservation policy for the STs, SCs and Other Backward Castes. (2002)
Q. Do you think that exploitation emanates from clash of self-interest between groups? Discuss in the context of tribal’s and non-tribals. (2002)
Q. Scheduled Area (2001)
Q. Constitutional safeguards for SCs. (1996)
Q. Distinguish between exploitation and deprivation of SCs (1995)
Q. Constitutional safeguards for STs (1994)
Q. Describe the efficiency of the Legislative measures adopted by the government to tackle the socio economic problems of SCs. What Other measures would you suggest to tackle these problems? (1994)
Q. What are the major socio economic problems faced by the SCs? Point out the criteria for diagnosis and suggest the remedial Measures (1993)
Q. Evaluate the extent to which existing reservation for SCs and STs have led to social mobility among them. What suggestions would you make for implementing the policy of adding economic criteria in extending reservation to the so called forward castes? (1991)
Q. Discuss the provisions and significance of the protective discrimination policy towards scheduled castes. Assess its impact on their Social mobility. (1990)
Q. Assertion of ethnic identity and ethnic solidarity has been a pervasive process in India after independence. Analyze this in relation to Constitutional safeguards and emerging national integration. (1988)
Q. Constitutional safeguards for STs (1987)
Q. Define untouchability and point out whether the problem of its removal should be treated as a matter of social reform rather than as a part of administrative and legal measures. (1986)
Q. Identify the main problems of the SCs and discuss the measures adopted to solve them. (1985) |
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7.2 Social Change and Contemporary Tribal societies; Impact of modern democratic institutions; Development programmes and welfare measures on Tribals and weaker sections. |
Q. Discuss the economic, social and developmental impacts on tribal communities with special reference to mining. (15M ---2024)
Q. Discuss the impact of successive Land Acquisition Acts on tribal social organization 20M (2021)
Q. Describe the functions of tribal research institutes in India. 15M (2020)
Q. Discuss the effect of job reservations in alleviating unemployment among tribal people of India. 15M (2020)
Q. Critically assess the existing plans and programmes meant for tribal welfare. 15M (2019)
Q. Discuss the various tribal development programs and plans have impacted the process of social transformation among tribes. 15M (2016)
Q. Discuss the nature of social change in Tribal India under the impact of Developmental programmes. 15M (2015)
Q. Tribes as Indigenous Culture (2008)
Q. How have modern democratic institutions influenced the Indian tribal societies? Assess. (2008)
Q. Illustrate with suitable examples the impact of Developmental Programmes on tribes and weaker sections. (2007)
Q. Tribal Sub plan (2005)
Q. Panchayati Raj (2005)
Q. Implications of recent Presidential orders relating to Scheduled Tribes and Scheduled Castes. (2003)
Q. What do you understand by the integrated tribal and rural developmental programmes? How would you evaluate the success or Failure of these programmes? (2002)
Q. Mention various developmental programmes implemented for the socio-economic wellbeing of SCs? Do these programmes fulfil their aspirations? Discuss. (2001)
Q. MADA, LAMPS, TRIFED (2000)
Q. Tribal Sub Plan (1999)
Q. ITDA (1998)
Q. Discuss the impact of modernization on tribal and rural people in India. (1998)
Q. Estimate the role of democratic institutions / Organizations for the development of weaker sections and the welfare measures Adopted by them. (1997)
Q. Peoples participation in Tribal development (1995)
Q. Positive and Negative responses of the tribals to governmental measures (1994)
Q. Direction of Tribal change (1993)
Q. Discuss the socio economic and political characteristics of revitalization movements in Tribal India. How are they affected by culture? Contact with outsiders? (1991)
Q. Impact of urbanization on tribal societies (1990)
Q. Discuss the peoples’ response and participation in developmental programmes in tribal areas. (1988)
Q. Advantages of Ashram Schools in tribal areas (1986)
Q. Analyze the programmes for tribal welfare undertaken by the governments in terms of relevant Constitutional and statutory Provisions. (1986)
Q. What are the various policies that have been suggested for bringing the tribals into the mainstream of national life? In the interest of the tribals which of these policies do you consider suitable? (1985) |
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7.3 The Concept of Ethnicity: Ethnic conflicts and political developments; Unrest among tribal communities; Regionalism and demand for autonomy; Pseudo-tribalism; Social change among the tribes during colonial and post-Independent India. |
Q. Distinguish between ethnic identity and ethnicity, discuss the factors responsible for ethnic conflict in tribal areas. (15M---2023)
Q. Identify the causes of tribal unrest with special reference to North-East India. 15M (2021)
Q. Concept of ethnicity. 10M (2020)
Q. Discuss the various factors resulting in tribal unrest in various parts of India. 15M (2018)
Q. Write short notes on ethnicity and regionalism. 10M (2017)
Q. Short notes on the role of regionalism plays in demand for autonomy among Indian tribes. 10M (2016)
Q. Rights over resources and Tribal unrest 10M (2015)
Q. Discuss the rise of ethno-nationalism among Indian tribes with specific example. 15M (2014)
Q. What are the significant factors responsible for tribal unrest? 15M (2014)
Q. Ethnic movements in India. 10M (2013)
Q. Examine the impact of non-tribal contact on socio-cultural institutions of tribal people with suitable examples. 15M (2013)
Q. Compare the approach adopted towards tribal communities during Colonial and post independence periods. 30M (2011)
Q. Discuss and compare the approaches towards the tribes during colonial and post independent India. 30M (2010)
Q. Do you find any significant change in the approaches towards the tribes during colonial and post independent India? Assess. 15M (2010)
Q. Tribal unrest in Central India 20M (2009)
Q. Concept of Ethnicity (2008)
Q. Discuss the Anthropological understanding of rising ethnicity among Indian Tribes in the context of Nation Building. (2007)
Q. Critically review Tana Bhagat Movement its causes and effects. (2006)
Q. Discuss the features affecting ethnic boundaries”, giving Indian examples. (2006)
Q. Discuss the relationship of ethnicity and nation-state. (2005)
Q. Detribalization (2004)
Q. Evaluate Fredrick Barth’s concept of ethnic boundaries. Explain its distinction from cultural content. (2004)
Q. Ethnic conflict (2004)
Q. Classify the tribal movements in contemporary India in a regional perspective and analyze the contributive factors. (2004)
Q. Identify the causes and consequences of major tribal movements in India. (2003)
Q. What is ethnicity? Does ethnicity add to conflicts and tensions in the society? Illustrate. (2002)
Q. Birsa movement (2001)
Q. Detribalization (2001)
Q. Ethnic Boundaries (2000)
Q. Assess the political and economic role of tribal and rural movements in the creation of the new states of Uttaranchal, Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh. (2000)
Q. To what extent ethnicity is responsible for the tribal movements in India? Elaborate with Suitable examples. (1995)
Q. Tribal movements - pros and cons (1994)
Q. Ethnicity (1993)
Q. Discuss the role of socio political movements in the emergence of tribal identity in the Indian context. (1990)
Q. Define the concept of ‘ethnic identity’. Discuss how it is emerging in the context of tribal unrest in some regions of the country (1989)
Q. Assertion of ethnic identity and ethnic solidarity has been a pervasive process in India after independence. Analyze this in relation to Constitutional safeguards and emerging national integration. (1988) |
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8.1 Impact of Hinduism, Buddhism, Christianity, Islam and other religions on tribal societies |
Q. Explain the social and religious consequences of contact between tribal and non-tribal populations. (15M---2022)
Q. Critically assess the impact of Christianity on tribal culture and identity. 15M (2021)
Q. Explain the impact of Hinduism on tribal people of India. 15M (2020)
Q. Describe the impact of Buddhism on tribal population of India. 15M (2019)
Q. Impact of Christianity on Indian tribes. 10M (2017)
Q. Discuss the impact of Islam on schedule tribes of India. 15M (2016)
Q. Islam and Matriliny. 10M (2015)
Q. Discuss the impact of Hinduism on the status of Tribal women in Central India 15M (2015)
Q. Impact of Christianity on tribes 10M (2014)
Q. Using ethnographic examples highlight the processes of religious conversions in Tribal India. 20M (2012)
Q. Discus the impact of Hindu Society on tribal population in India. 30M (2011)
Q. Analyze the impact of Christianity on tribal communities with special reference to North-East India. 60M (2009)
Q. Buddhism, Christianity and Scheduled Castes (2004)
Q. Impact of Christianity on tribal societies (2000)
Q. Define religion in anthropological perspective. Bring out the impact of Christianity on the converted and non-converted tribal group of India. (1996) |
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8.2 Tribe & Nation state-comparative study of tribal communities in India & other countries. |
Q. Discuss with appropriate examples how tribal unrest may be understood as emerging out of an incompatibility between tribes and nation-state. 20M (2019)
Q. Critically evaluate the term tribe, as compared to term indigenous in some other countries. 20M (2017)
Q. Critically examine the relationship between tribal communities and the Nation-State on issues of governance. 20M (2012)
Q. Nation State (2002)
Q. What do you know by tribe and nations? How do states carved for tribals in India differ from tribal-nation states in Africa? Discuss (2001)
Q. Discuss the divisive factors which disrupt national integration in India. What would you suggest to Counteract the divisive forces? (1992)
Q. Regional disparity and National Integration (1988)
Q. What suggestions would you like to make as an anthropologist for bringing the tribal peoples in the national mainstream? Without obliterating their separate identity? (1987)
Q. Examine the advantages and disadvantages of linguistic states in India in the context of national integration. (1987)
Q. Issues relating to National integration. (1986) |
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9.1 History of administration of tribal areas: Tribal policies, plans, Programmes of tribal |
Q. How is PESA Act empowering local self-governance and impacting women’s political participation? (15M—2024)
Q. Discuss the intervention of Non-Governmental Organizations for empowering tribal women. 15M (2021)
Q. Critically discuss the role of N.G.O.s in tribal development. 15M (2019)
Q. Discuss the salient features of PESA Act of 1996 and attempt a comparison with the features of the VI Schedule. 15M (2018)
Q. Particularly vulnerable tribal groups (PTG). 10M (2017)
Q. Discuss the emergence, salient features and limitations of tribal sub-plan 15M (2017)
Q. Critically examine the role of NGOs and missionaries in transformation of schedule tribes in central India. 15M (2016)
Q. Relevance of tribal Panchsheel today. 10M (2015)
Q. Recently NGO’s have been critiqued for interfering with developmental process inn Tribal heartland. Critically comment. 20M (2015)
Q. Critically examine the role of NGOs in promoting health & Education in tribal areas. 15M (2014)
Q. Describe the history administration in the colonial period. 15M (2014)
Q. Critically evaluate the National Tribal Policy. 15M (2014)
Q. The concept of PTG 10M (2014)
Q. Government Action towards Left Wing Extremism. 10M (2013)
Q. Role of Gramasabha under PESA. 10M (2013)
Q. Fifth Schedule and Sixth Schedule of the constitution are built on the foundations laid by the colonial Government. Discuss. 20M (2013)
Q. Discuss the Significance of cultural and administrative factors in tribal development. 15M (2013)
Q. Discuss the criticism levelled against anthropology in the context of ‘Isolation, and assimilation debate’ on tribal populations. 20M (2013)
Q. Discuss how British policies dispossessed tribal’s of their communal properties and agricultural lands. 15M (2013)
Q. Examine the relevance of Tribal Panchsheel by Jawaharlal Nehru in the light of emerging Development practices. 20M (2012)
Q. Using suitable examples bring out the historical processes of the social exclusion of de-notified tribes. 20M (2012)
Q. Tribal Panchsheel. 15M (2011)
Q. NGOs and tribal development 20M (2009)
Q. What are the special problems of the Primitive Tribal Groups? How far have the developmental programmes of the government able to address these? (2008)
Q. Programmes of Tribal Development (2006)
Q. Elucidate the nature of changes in administration of tribal areas from colonial period to post independence era in India. (2005)
Q. Give an account of Joint Forest Management Programmes. What is the role of NGOs in such programmes? (2000)
Q. Outline the historical background of tribal administration during the colonial period. Evaluate post-independence administrative policies with special reference to states under either the fifth schedule or sixth schedule of the Constitution of India. (2000)
Q. Plans and programmes of Tribal development (1997)
Q. Role of NGQs in literacy programmes (1996)
Q. Critically evaluate various approaches to set the tribal’s within the mainstream of Indian civilization. In your opinion which approach is relevant in the modern context. (1995) |
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9.2 Role of Anthropology in Tribal and Rural Development. |
Q. Elucidate the role of anthropology in nation building. Illustrate with suitable examples. (15M—
Q. Examine the strengths and weaknesses of anthropology in the context of its role in tribal and rural development. 20M (2018)
Q. Discuss the role of anthropology in understanding the loss of livelihood of tribal communities due to economic and ecological factors. 15M (2017)
Q. Describe how anthropological knowledge and methods are useful in rural development. 15M (2016)
Q. Examine in detail the role of Anthropology in planning for Tribal development. 15M (2015)
Q. Critically assess the role of anthropologists in rural development. 20M (2014)
Q. Using examples, comment on how anthropology can be utilized in policy making. 20M (2012)
Q. Discuss the role of Anthropology in Tribal Development. (2006)
Q. Role of anthropologists in rural development (2005)
Q. Anthropologists are better equipped to play an effective role in rural and tribal development. Discuss (2004)
Q. Critically assess the role of anthropologists in rural development. (1997)
Q. Anthropological approach in Tribal development (1987)
Q. Discuss the role of Anthropology in planning and executing development programmes among the tribal communities. (1985) |
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9.3 Contributions of Anthropology to the Understanding of Regionalism, Communalism, |
Q. Elucidate the difference between secularism, religiosity, religious fundamentalism and
Q. Discuss the regionalism and demand for autonomy in India from anthropological perspective with respect to Kashmir/ Nagaland/ Bodoland/ Gorkhaland agitation. 20M (2020)
Q. Anthropological understanding of communalism. 10M (2019)
Q. Ethnicity and regionalism. 10M (2019)
Q. Anthropological interpretation of ethnic and political movements. 10M (2016)
Q. Critically examine the concept of communalism and its relevance for multi-religious and multiethnic polity of India. 20M (2015)
Q. Factors contributing to communalism. 15M (2011)
Q. Analyse the factors influencing tribal regionalism, citing Indian examples. 30M (2010)
Q. In what ways has anthropology contributed to the understanding of ethnic and political movements in India? 60M (2009)
Q. Revivalistic Movements. (2008)
Q. What is regionalism? Evaluate how regionalism has stimulated political movements in India. (2003)
Q. Discuss the significance of the regionalism and communalism in Indian context and its role in ethno-political movements in the Present political system. (1997) |
